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Argan Oil
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Lucindo José Quintans Júnior, Nagamony Ponpandian, Nanophytomedicine, 2023
Hicham Mechqoq, Noureddine El Aouad
Argan oil has been used to develop many nutritional and cosmetic products. It has also been used to develop more elaborate medicinal solutions such as nanocapsules. Argan oil is mainly used as a drug carrier as it is found to solubilize high quantities of drugs in comparison with conventional long-chain triglycerides. Its biological proprieties provide a secondary action complementary to the lead drug. To date, three argan oil-based nanocapsules have been reported for use with tacrolimus, naproxen and indomethacin as drugs. Tacrolimus is used primarily for prevention of allograft rejection after organ transplantation. It is also used in dermatology for eczema treatment and as an inflammation suppressor (Nassar et al. 2009, Rosset et al. 2012). Naproxen is a non-steroidal drug usually used as a painkiller and anti-inflammation drug; it is also used to relieve osteoarthritis as well as for other symptoms (Rosset et al., 2012). Whereas, indomethacin drug is used for rheumatoid arthritis and collagen disease (Tsvetkova et al. 2012).
Homo Sapiens (“Us”): Strengths and Weaknesses
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
NSAIDs work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and/or COX-2). In cells, these enzymes are involved in the synthesis of key biological mediators, namely prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation, and thromboxanes, which are involved in blood clotting. The most prominent NSAIDs are aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen, all available over the counter in most countries. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally not considered an NSAID because it has only little anti-inflammatory activity. It treats pain mainly by blocking COX-2 mostly in the central nervous system, but not much in the rest of the body.
Homo Sapiens (“Us”): Strengths and Weaknesses
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
NSAIDs work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and/or COX-2). In cells, these enzymes are involved in the synthesis of key biological mediators, namely prostaglandins, which are involved in inflammation, and thromboxanes, which are involved in blood clotting. The most prominent NSAIDs are aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen, all available over the counter in most countries. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally not considered an NSAID because it has only little anti-inflammatory activity. It treats pain mainly by blocking COX-2 mostly in the central nervous system, but not much in the rest of the body.
Injectable hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogels embedded with carboxymethyl chitin microspheres prepared via a solvent-free process for drug delivery
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Jieyu Zheng, Siyao Lv, Yalan Zhong, Xulin Jiang
Naproxen (NPX) has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects, which has been used widely to treat rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis clinically. In this study, NPX-loaded CMCH microspheres were obtained by adding freeze-dried microspheres to NPX aqueous solution through solid-in-water (S/W) immersion technique, centrifugating and oven-drying, because small molecular drugs are easier to enter the pores of the microspheres than protein drugs in this S/W drug loading process. No organic solvent was used in this facile and green drug-loaded process. Then NPX-loaded CMCH-Ms were embedded into HPCH hydrogel (10 mg microsphere in 1 mL HPCH for high mechanical strength as shown in Section 3.2) to form composite NPX-loaded CMCH-Ms/HPCH gel scaffolds. It can been seen from Figure 10a that the drug loading capacity for CMCH-Ms increased with increasing the initial NPX concentration. However, the drug loading capacity increased slightly when the drug concentration increased from 8 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. The effect of soaking time on the drug loading content of CMCH-Ms was investigated within time ranging from 2 h to 24 h. The drug loading capacity of the microspheres was basically saturated when the soaking time reached 24 h, as shown in Figure 10b. Therefore, NPX-loaded CMCH-Ms (97 mg/g) prepared by immersing freeze-dried CMCH-Ms in 8 mg/mL NPX solution for 24 h were used in later discussion for drug release in vitro.