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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Myopathy refers to disorders with muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber. Muscle cramps, stiffness, and muscle spasms can also occur. Pain is not a typical symptom of myopathy. Upon thermal imaging, flaccid myopathies with weakness and muscle disuse appear cool over the involved muscles, while muscular cramps or “tight” myopathies will appear warm due to the heat produced by prolonged, intense muscular contraction. This heat is conducted to overlying skin where it can be viewed thermographically (Figure 11.14). White blood cells and macrophages are generally absent in non-inflammatory myopathy, thus production of NO is not a major feature. The muscular dystrophies, mitochondrial myopathies, and glycogen storage diseases are non-inflammatory myopathies.64
Introduction to Electrochemistry
Published in Caroline Desgranges, Jerome Delhommelle, A Mole of Chemistry, 2020
Caroline Desgranges, Jerome Delhommelle
Nowadays, electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium are used in energy drinks. Indeed, in physiology, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl− are very important. For instance, sodium and chloride are found outside the cell whereas potassium, magnesium and calcium are found inside the cell. The subtle balance between these electrolytes allows for the regulation of blood pressure, body hydration, nerve and muscle functions among other things. For example, muscle contraction requires high enough levels of calcium, sodium and potassium, and, without them, muscle weakness and cramps may occur. The same is true with sodium and potassium during dehydration – this is the reason why energy drinks are usually full of sodium and potassium!
Endocrine system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Hypoparathyroidism may cause: Parasthesiae.Muscle cramps and spasms.Fatigue and irritability.Anxiety and depression.
A review of construction workforce health challenges and strategies in extreme weather conditions
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Sanjgna Karthick, Sharareh Kermanshachi, Apurva Pamidimukkala, Mostafa Namian
As dehydration is one of most common and dangerous results of working in extremely hot temperatures, workers should be made aware of the ways that it compromises their health and should be encouraged to consume sufficient liquids at regular intervals [86]. Heat cramps are common among outdoor workers but can be prevented by drinking adequate fluids that contain salt and electrolytes, as they help keep the body hydrated and facilitate perspiration [34]. Workers should be instructed to pace themselves when they are working in extremely hot temperatures [86].