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Hydrolytic Enzymes for the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Sergio González-Granda, Vicente Gotor-Fernández
Levofloxacin is a potent fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of pneumonia, sinusitis or urinary tract infections among others. Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) has been efficiently applied in the hydrolysis of racemic 1-(2,3-difluoro-6-nitrophenoxy)propan-2-yl acetate, (Scheme 9.8), leading to the formation of the enantiopure (R)-alcohol in 45% yield and the remaining (R)-acetate in 84% ee after 53 h at 30°C (López-Iglesias et al., 2015). Alternatively, the same alcohol and the homologue amine have been produced in higher-yielding processes starting from prochiral ketones through bioreduction or biotransamination experiments, respectively (Mourelle-Insua et al., 2016). RML-catalysed hydrolysis of a racemic ester for the production of a Levofloxacin precursor.
Facile synthesis of low-cost chitosan/Fe3O4@C composite for highly efficient adsorption of levofloxacin antibiotic
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2023
Thi Hong Anh Nguyen, Thi Dieu My Tran, The Ky Vo, Quoc Thang Nguyen, Van-Cuong Nguyen
With the rapid industrialization, wastewater containing antibiotics is discharged and released into the environment causing serious environmental issues that have to be addressed since these substances are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic (Khasawneh and Palaniandy 2021; Wang et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2020). Antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have been widely used, and as a result, a substantial amount of them can be discovered in hospital effluent (Ezekoye et al. 2020). Levofloxacin is a newly advanced synthetic antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolones (FQs) family that acts against various pathogenic bacterial pathogens and has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions in rheumatic illnesses. It is one of the most extensively used FQ antibiotics. These antibiotics increased the resistance of pathogens, which subsequently affected human health (Cacace et al. 2019; Cristóvão et al. 2020). The levofloxacin containing water can cause the toxicity to aquatic animals and limit algal growth (Altaf et al. 2021). To meet the environmental regulations, effluents or wastewater containing these antibiotics need to be removed before being discharged into the environment.