China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pneumonia Detection from X-Ray Images by Two Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network on Python Platform
Published in Mitul Kumar Ahirwal, Narendra D. Londhe, Anil Kumar, Artificial Intelligence Applications for Health Care, 2022
Mitul Kumar Ahirwal, Vipul Sharma, Kuldeep Kumar Gautam
Pneumonia is a type of lung infection that affects the small air sacs called alveoli. The physical symptoms of pneumonia range from a combination of productive or dry cough and chest pain to fever and difficulty in breathing. Pneumonia is caused when someone becomes infected with viruses or bacteria in their lungs. The diagnosis of pneumonia is traditionally based on symptoms and physical examination of the patient. Tests like chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum are performed to diagnose pneumonia [1,2].
Innovation in Healthcare for Improved Pneumonia Diagnosis with Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Map Visualization
Published in Kavita Taneja, Harmunish Taneja, Kuldeep Kumar, Arvind Selwal, Eng Lieh Ouh, Data Science and Innovations for Intelligent Systems, 2021
Guramritpal Singh Saggu, Keshav Gupta, Palvinder Singh Mann
Pneumonia is an inflammation infection that infects the air sacs in either one or both the lungs, which then might get filled with fluid. Pneumonia can happen to anyone irrespective of their age but it is really dangerous for newborns, children, elderly people and individuals with breathing-related disorders. The severity is determined by the root of the infection. For example, while the bacterial pneumonia is far more fatal and could occur suddenly or maybe gradually, viral is less fatal and shows symptoms gradually. However, bacterial infection alongside viral pneumonia can complicate the situation (Bouch & Williams, 2006). Fungal pneumonia also exists, but it only occurs in people with impaired immune systems, which makes it very dangerous and patients require significant time to regain their vitality. Pneumonia usually affects the lobes of the lungs and if multiple lobes are affected an individual needs to be kept under the supervision of medical professionals (Scott, Brooks, Peiris, Holtzman, & Mulholland, 2008).
Introduction
Published in Venkatesan Rajinikanth, E. Priya, Hong Lin, Fuhua Lin, Hybrid Image Processing Methods for Medical Image Examination, 2021
Venkatesan Rajinikanth, E. Priya, Hong Lin, Fuhua Lin
Pneumonia is caused by an infection in the respiratory tract due to the microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, and fungi. Pneumonia causes a range of abnormalities in respiratory system, preventing oxygen exchange to the bloodstream. Untreated pneumonia is acute for the children aged five years and below and the elderly aged 65 and above. To provide appropriate treatment for those affected, it is essential to diagnose the infection rate in the lung. Due to its clinical significance, a considerable number of semi-automated and automated disease diagnosis systems are proposed and implemented to diagnose various lung abnormality using the chest X-ray.
Deciphering Predictors of Tourists’ Value and Intention amid COVID-19: The Interplay of Scarcity, Enjoyment, Visual Presentations, and Pandemic Threat
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
The pandemic threat estimates the consequences of a highly contagious and easily transmittable virus’s unavoidable spread on public health, safety, community, and the world (Hao et al., 2020; Pappas & Glyptou, 2021). Pandemics are large-scale epidemics that affect numerous countries worldwide and can potentially cause massive destruction (Bhatia et al., 2022; Biwota, 2020; Gupta & Sahu, 2021). Respiratory ailments such as measles, bronchitis, pneumonia, and flu are particularly contagious because a diseased person can easily infect numerous humans in a matter of moments (Hao et al., 2020; Im et al., 2021; Jiang & Wen, 2020). These ailments have now been classified as highly infectious. Hence, threatening pandemics with widespread consequences are regarded as nothing less than a military conflict (Im et al., 2021; Srivastava et al., 2022).
Organizational Diseases
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2020
Mario Iván Tarride, Brenda Villena, Julia González
Pneumonia is generally defined as an inflammation and infection of the lungs. It appears when the immune system fails in preventing the germs that we breathe from entering the lungs. After the inflammation, the lung tissues are infected, getting filled with pus and other liquids that hinder their normal functioning and make it difficult for oxygen to get to the blood. The main symptoms of pneumonia are fever, cough, and dyspnea (Tierney, McPhee, and Papadakis 2006).
Enhancing deep learning techniques for the diagnosis of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) using X-ray images
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Maha Mesfer Meshref Alghamdi, Mohammed Yehia Hassan Dahab, Naael Homoud Abdulrahim Alazwary
There are several microbial pathogens that can also infect and damage the lungs resulting in patients developing pneumonia; however, there are certain radiological characteristics that make it feasible to diagnose pneumonia caused by COVID-19 (Usama Khalid Bukhari et al., 2020). The main difference between the commonly known pneumonia and pneumonia, which results from COVID-19 infection, is that the one caused by coronavirus is more harmful and damages the lungs badly over a short time. In addition, pneumonia caused by COVID-19 tends to affect the lungs as a whole, whereas the typical pneumonia tends to damage selected parts of the lungs (E. Khan et al., 2022). Several techniques have been developed and adopted for the diagnosis of typical pneumonia. These include techniques such as analysis of blood gas, the sputum test, CT scan, and chest X-rays, among others (E. Khan et al., 2022). One of the commonly used methods across the world for the diagnosis of pneumonia is chest radiography (X-ray; A. K. Jaiswal et al., 2019). There are several reasons for this including that chest X-ray is a fast and relatively cheap method (Antin et al., 2017), and it is a common clinical method (Narayan Das et al., 2020). Furthermore, compared to the computed tomography (CT) and other methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the chest X-ray gives a lower radiation dose to patients (Gaál et al., 2020). However, despite the benefits cited above, a high degree of accuracy is difficult to achieve during the diagnosis. Given the short supply of the test kits, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests are difficult to conduct for every infected person (Ai et al., 2020; Hemdan et al., 2020). The other downside of these tests is that they are time-consuming, and the results are produced within a range of a few hours up to 2 days. Furthermore, too many false-negative results are produced from these tests (Basu et al., 2020; Nayak et al., 2021). It is against this backdrop that the search for a different screening technique that takes less time and that is more reliable should be prioritised (Farooq & Hafeez, 2020). It is imperative to come up with a new technique that medical staff can utilise for diagnosing COVID-19. The benefit of early detection of COVID-19 is that patients’ lives can be saved by ensuring the provision of on-time medical attention.