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Lung Tumor Segmentation Using a 3D Densely Connected Convolutional Neural Network
Published in Mohan Lal Kolhe, Kailash J. Karande, Sampat G. Deshmukh, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Materials for Energy Applications, 2023
Shweta Tyagi, Sanjay N. Talbar
For diagnosis of a disease or an injury, there are several medical imaging techniques like X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, sonography, mammography and so on. For patients having lung cancer, the diagnosis is usually done by using three medical imaging tests, X-ray images, CT scans and PET scans, out of which CT scan is preferred because this is more reliable as compared to the chest X-ray images in predicting the nature of the tumor, and it can provide more information about certain lung tumor features, including its size, shape and internal density. The CT scan is examined by the radiologists to detect the tumor region in the lungs. But this process is very time-consuming because one CT scan consists of hundreds of slices, and the number of lung cancer patients is also very high, due to which there is a huge burden on radiologists, especially in undeveloped or underdeveloped countries where there are not enough medical experts to examine the cancer imaging tests. To reduce this burden and to provide a second opinion to the doctors, several researchers have proposed different image processing and deep learning techniques for lung cancer detection and analysis. First step in automatic lung cancer detection is tumor segmentation, and if the tumor is segmented correctly then only it can be analyzed in a much better sense.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality: In India and Worldwide
Published in Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava, Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava
In the United States, the primary risk factor for lung cancer is cigarette smoking, which is responsible for 80% of deaths due to lung cancer. In addition, the duration and quantity of tobacco also increased the risk of lung cancer (Sung et al., 2021; Triplette et al., 2021). Other essential factors responsible for lung cancer are redon gas (collecting in indoor air); secondhand smoke; certain heavy metals such as chromium, cadmium, and arsenic; asbestos; air pollution; diesel; chimney proofing; rubber industries and paint industries; etc. (Rudin et al., 2021).
An Ensemble Classification-Based Model for Automatic Lung Cancer Detection Using CT Images
Published in Kamal Kumar Sharma, Akhil Gupta, Bandana Sharma, Suman Lata Tripathi, Intelligent Communication and Automation Systems, 2021
Shivam Modgil, Bobbinpreet Kaur, Nitin Sharma
Cancer patients are increasing day by day due to people's lifestyle. In both men and women, lung cancer has become the second most common cancer which causes death. From early reports on cancer it has been seen that more fatalities occur due to lung cancer than from other cancers. Lung cancer occurs due to smoking (or second-hand smoke) or, less often, exposure to other ecological dynamics, which is why it can be prevented. In this research work, the approach of segmentation, feature extraction and hybrid classification is applied for locating and characterizing cancer. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed in terms of accuracy, precision and recall. It is analyzed that the proposed technique has high performance compared to existing methods. This method successfully predicts the cancer with 95% accuracy.
The Deep Learning ResNet101 and Ensemble XGBoost Algorithm with Hyperparameters Optimization Accurately Predict the Lung Cancer
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Saghir Ahmed, Basit Raza, Lal Hussain, Amjad Aldweesh, Abdulfattah Omar, Mohammad Shahbaz Khan, Elsayed Tag Eldin, Muhammad Amin Nadim
The SCLC is directly linked with cigarette smoked and aggressive type of lung cancer. The increasing evidence of SCLC are linked to autocrine growth loops, proto-oncogenes, and tumor-suppressor genes in its development. Therefore, SCLC have different methods for treatment and diagnosis than NSCLC. The NSCLC early detection can be very helpful with survival rate of 35%–85% depend on the stage and tumor type. Usually, most of the tumor are late detected so overall 5-year survival rate for NSCLC remains 16% only. Chemotherapy is utilized for SCLC which provokes 60% of response for NSCLC patients. Thus, in respones the cancer returns within few months resulting abysmal overall 5-year survival rate of 6%. The excessive tobacco uses, and smoking causes the lung cancer around 90% cases. Other factors that may lead to lung cancer include air pollution exposures, radon gas, asbestos, and chronic infections. In addition, many hereditary and there have been suggested both inherited and acquired mechanisms of lung cancer susceptibility. Radiation therapy, surgery, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy are also choices for lung cancer treatment (Zang et al. 2021).
Evaluating the airborne asbestos dispersion in enclosed parking lots in Iran
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Nafiseh Nasirzadeh, Yahya Rasoulzadeh, Davoud Mahmoudi, Hossein Marioryad, Mir Hassan Abdollahi, Hassan Najafian, Majid Khalili
The diameter of tremolite and actinolite is another major factor of their toxicity. Stanton et al.42 reported that tumors are generally produced by fibers shorter than 4μm. Moreover, Dodson et al.43 showed that short tremolite fibers (cleavage fragments) had the potential to induce lung cancer in humans, Moreover, Kohyama et al. (2017) indicated that maybe; such tremolite fibers would produce cancer of epithelial and mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum. Therefore, it might be expected that workers working in parking lots suffer from negative health effects of exposing to tremolite and actinolite if they are exposed to tremolite in the long term. Malhotra et al.44 stated smoking as the major risk factor for lung cancer. Further, they stated when workers were exposed to asbestos, a significant increase in the incidence of lung cancer was observed. Thus, it can be concluded that smoker workers are more exposed to the risk of lung cancer in car parking lots.
Association between fine particulate air pollution and the risk of death from lung cancer in Taiwan
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Shang-Shyue Tsai, Ya-Wen Chiu, Yi-Hao Weng, Chun-Yuh Yang
Smoking is known to be a significant risk factor for lung cancer (Ernster 1996). Previously, 90% of deaths due to lung cancer was suggested to be due to cigarette smoking (Alberg et al. 2007). However, the prevalence of cigarette smoking is relatively low amongst women in east Asia, a fact that the GLOBOCAN 2012 study considered to be worthwhile exploring (Ferlay et al. 2015). The smoking rate amongst females in Taiwan is currently only approximately 4.2% (Cheng et al. 2003), a rate that has remained at approximately 4% over the last two decades or longer. However, over this same time period, the smoking rate amongst males has fallen from 60 to 30% (Tseng et al. 2019). An addition, it is interesting to note that the majority of female lung cancer patients in Taiwan were nonsmokers (Chen et al. 2005). Less than 10% of women with lung cancer were smokers (Chen et al. 2007), suggesting that the female population in Taiwan might serve as a reliable control population to determine the possible effects of other exposure types on the development of lung cancer in human. Previously (Yang et al. 1999, 2000), studied the association between petrochemical air pollution and lung cancer amongst women in different municipalities. Although there was no access to data on smoking prevalence in these locations, it was probably not likely that smoking prevalence would have affected the PM2.5 levels to which these females were exposed. Therefore, it is postulated that not having access to that data affected those results. If there was confounding, it would be minimal (Hung et al. 2012a, 2012b).