China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ceramic Based Biomaterials
Published in Yaser Dahman, Biomaterials Science and Technology, 2019
Bioglass is currently used for various applications, such as bone plating, dental implants, spinal fusions, and bone graft studies. One of the main uses of Bioglass 45S5 is to produce bioactive bone graft products. This type of bioglass functions by undergoing a dissolution process after being implanted into the body. The dissolution process of the bioglass consists of the material releasing ions (silica, phosphate, calcium, and sodium ions) that are resorbed and replaced by bone. The process is dependent on the size and shape of the particles; materials that are smaller have a higher surface area while materials with a spherical shape will tend to be resorbed faster and release more ions (Rahaman et al., 2011). In-vitro studies have shown that bioglass 45S5 dissolution ions positively affect bone formation involved cells (Figure 4.4). The ability of the bioglass to create a bone-like mineral layer on its surface is what gives the bioactive properties to this material. In the body, the particles that begin to dissolve combine with ions from the environment to form a hydroxy-carbano-apatite (HCA) coating on the surface. The similarity between HCA and bone mineral characteristics creates the optimal surface coating for new bone formation, resulting in a chemical bond between the bioactive glass ions and the surrounding bone. Bone replacement of the bioglass will take approximately 9–12 months (Bosetti, 2005).
Recent Developments in Materials Innovation for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Swapan Kumar Sarakar, Byong-Taek Leea
Bioactive glasses and glass ceramics have superb biocompatibility and an ability to form a direct bond with living tissue.47,48 Bioactive glass is an amorphous material, whereas glass ceramics are crystallized glasses consisting of a crystalline phase due to thermal treatment and a residual glass phase. Both of them exhibit specific biological responses in the physiological environment, enhancing the cell–material interaction. The dissolution products from the rapidly degraded bioglass materials up-regulate the gene expression that directly promotes cellular activity, leading to faster bone regeneration and formation of a natural bond with bone tissue. The mechanisms of bioactivity and bone bonding of 45S5 glass have been widely studied and described in detail, elsewhere.49,50 By far the most widely investigated bioglass system is 45S5 developed by Professor Hench. The best composition of bioglass lies in a narrow range of composition in the ternary phase diagram of Na2O-CaO-SiO2 with a constant P2O5. Based on this composition, several modifications with B2O3, TiO2, Li2O, FeO, and SrO addition have been proposed.51,52,53,54,55,56,57 All of these materials are prepared by the melt-quenching process, and the molten phase is quenched to stabilize the glass structure at room temperature. The fabrication process of bioglass scaffold for bone substitute application has an inherent drawback of reprocessing by thermal treatment leading to development of crystallinity and disruption of the glass structure. The glass phase is the key to biocompatibility and disruption of the glassy phase would affect it adversely. Bioglass scaffold fabrication by thermal treatment thus compromises with its inherent biocompatibility. Depending on the nature of the Si–O bonding in the glass structure either the glassy or the crystalline phase appears. Nonbridging Si–O bonds, as opposed to bridging Si–O bonds found in SiO2, make bioglass dissolve in an aqueous environment and make it bioactive. Sintering of bioglass disrupts these nonbridging Si–O bonds, evolving bridging Si–O bonds. Addition of K2O, MgO, B2O3, and Al2O3 can retain the bridging Si–O at higher sintering temperature.58 Several systems with compositional modification have already been established named s 13–93, ICIE16, BioK.59,60,61 Bioglass material was synthesized using the conventional SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5 material composition using ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal method.62
Physical, mechanical and in vitro biological evaluation of synthesized biosurfactant-modified silanated-gelatin/sodium alginate/45S5 bioglass bone tissue engineering scaffolds
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Ziba Orshesh, Shokoufeh Borhan, Hosein Kafashan
The chemicals used for the synthesis of 45S5 bioglass particles were SiO2 (113126), Na2CO3 (106398), CaCO3 (102066) and P2O5 (100540), all supplied by Merck company (Germany). Melt-derived 45S5 bioglass with chemical composition of 45% SiO2, 24.5% CaO, 24.5% Na2O and 6% P2O5 (wt%) was synthesized according to our previously described method [27]. Briefly, appropriate amounts of SiO2, Na2CO3, CaCO3 and P2O5 were mixed in a planetary ball mill for 1 h. The resulted mixture was molten at 1400 °C and the melt was poured on a steel plate at room temperature. The obtained glass was ground to fine powder in an electric agate mortar. Phases and chemical groups in glass composition were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Philips PW3710) and FTIR spectrometer (BRUKER VECTOR 33), respectively. Particle size distribution and morphology of the glass particles were also evaluated by laser particle size analyzer (LPSA, Fritsch Particle Size analysette 22) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Stereoscan S 360 Cambridge) techniques.
The era of biofunctional biomaterials in orthopedics: what does the future hold?
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Mubashar Rehman, Asadullah Madni, Thomas J. Webster
Biofunctional materials interact with a biological environment to stimulate a desirable biological response or to enhance tissue bonding. Bioabsorable materials have been introduced that progressively degrade as new tissue is regenerated. Classical examples of biofunctional materials are HA and bioglass. HA has the ability to stimulate mineralization to form a strong bond with bone. Therefore, HA has been used with other biomaterials for the excellent fixation of prostheses. Bioglass is also considered as a biofunctional material due to its interaction with bone and other tissues. Different approaches have been used to functionalize traditional biomaterials. An enhanced understanding of the interaction between biomaterials and the biological environment has also lead to the discovery of many new biofunctional biomaterials.