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Emerging Aspects in Dendrimer Research
Published in Zahoor Ahmad Parry, Rajesh Pandey, Dendrimers in Medical Science, 2017
Zahoor Ahmad Parry, Rajesh Pandey
One of the most predominant dental conditions in clinic is dentin hypersensitivity characterized by sharp pain owing to dentin exposure to external stimuli [65, 66]. Dentin hypersensitivity is generally believed to be due to a pain-provoking stimulus owing to changes in dentinal tubular fluid (increase or direction change) that in turn stimulates the nerves around the odontoblasts [67]. This hypersensitivity is commonly treated either by occluding the dentinal tubules to reduce the fluid flow or by decreasing the excitability of the intradental nerve using potassium ions containing chemicals [68, 69]. Different chemical agents that containing fluoride, strontium salts, oxalate, glutaraldehyde and bioactive glass are used to treat dentin hypersensitivity [70–74]. Though these agents are effective but short durability, poor effectiveness and incomplete occlusion effects limit their use [75, 76]. Therefore, search for new agents or newer methods that can solve these problems have already started.
Therapeutic Effects and Uses of Ozone in Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Saad Liaqat, Samia Tariq, Irum Hayat, Bakhtawar Mobeen, Sarmad Fayyaz, Humaira Jabeen, Saira Khalid, Nawshad Muhammad, Muhammad Adnan Khan
The advances in ozone therapy in dentistry are meeting the demands of the public for painless, noninvasive, and effective dental caries. The efficiency of topical ozone and ozonized water found pronounced effects in bleaching and teeth whitening. These agents in conjugation with hydrogen peroxide showed prominent whitening effects when applied over discolored teeth. A study to show the efficiency of office tooth bleaching showed similar outcomes as bleaching with ozone and hydrogen peroxide as shown in Table 1. A study was done to evaluate the effects of tooth mousse and ozone on bleaching, showing the reducing effects of ozone as shown in Table 1. The antimicrobial effects of ozone investigated by the researchers showed a wide range of outcomes. 0.1 ppm ozonized water was found effective in plaque microbial load reduction as shown in Table 1. Ozone therapy does not supersede the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity but ozone in combination with fluoride desensitizer is indicated for hypersensitive dentin treatment. Ozone therapy with a combination of nano-hydroxyapatite gel produces a significant effect on the remineralization of enamel as shown in Table 1. Ozone application decreases the micro tensile bond strength between composite resin and dentin if it is used before placement of the restoration. Ozone use as nano-bubble water irrigation proved to be a valuable and beneficial adjunct to periodontal treatment. Moreover, topical gaseous ozone has an immense antimicrobial effect intraorally as well as shown in Table 1.
An in vitro model to assess effects of a desensitising agent on bacterial biofilm formation
Published in Acta Biomaterialia Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Jamie Coulter, Nicholas S. Jakubovics, Philip M. Preshaw, Matthew J. German
Dentine hypersensitivity occurs when a tooth with exposed dentine interprets relatively innocuous stimuli as noxious [1]. One explanation for dentine hypersensitivity is the hydrodynamic theory; this stipulates that a stimulus causes movement of fluid within dentine tubules resulting in nerve depolarisation and a painful stimulus. Thus, dentine tubules exposed to temperature changes or air pressure could result in fluid movement and pain [2]. Some treatments such as the desensitising agents added to dentifrices focus upon blocking or occluding the dentinal tubules in an attempt to reduce sensitivity. One product which works via this mechanism is calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS). This forms a layer of carbonated hydroxyapatite crystals on dentine when in contact with an aqueous environment [3]. CSPS occludes significantly more dentine tubules and decreases dentine permeability significantly more than other control toothpastes [4,5].
Advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Hao Cui, Yan You, Guo-Wang Cheng, Zhou Lan, Ke-Long Zou, Qiu-Ying Mai, Yan-Hua Han, Hao Chen, Yu-Yue Zhao, Guang-Tao Yu
Trauma, abrasion, and acid erosion often cause dentin tubules to be exposed in the mouth, and external stimuli can cause fluid flow in the dentin tubules, ultimately leading pulpal reactive pain [87]. Sealing the dentin tubules and avoiding the transmission of irritation are the keys to solving the problem of dentin hypersensitivity. In recent years, a number of desensitizers designed to seal dentin tubules have become available [88]. However, the dissolution of most materials in the oral cavity and poor penetration has resulted in the short-term efficacy of desensitization therapy. In contrast, considering that the average diameter of dentinal tubules is about 1–2.5 μm, nano-sized dental materials are more likely to play advantage in treating dentin hypersensitivity.