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An Introduction to Bioactivity via Restorative Dental Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Mary Anne S. Melo, Ashley Reid, Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
Globally, millions of people suffer from toothache due to tooth cavities and often permanent tooth loss. Dental caries, also known as tooth decay is a biofilm-dependent infectious disease that damages teeth by loss of minerals and presents high incidence around restorative polymeric fillings (tooth-colored fillings) (Askar et al. 2020). Untreated caries results in severe pulpal pathologies, which proceeds to tooth loss because the dental enamel cannot regenerate. Also, dental caries is highly prevalent among the elderly population due to unhealthy dietary habits and poor oral hygiene. According to the World Dental Federation, approximately 3.9 billion individuals are affected by dental caries annually, which affects almost half of the world’s population (Martins et al. 2017; Edelstein 2006).
Predicting Patient Missed Appointments in the Academic Dental Clinic
Published in Jay Liebowitz, Data Analytics and AI, 2020
Aundrea L. Price, Gopikrishnan Chandrasekharan
Missing or canceling appointments can prevent dentists and dental students from identifying pathology in the early stages. For example, early-stage dental caries (tooth decay) can be treated using conservative dental restoration techniques. These procedures normally result in very little pain and removal of dental tissues. In some cases, a dental anesthetic may not be required. However, patients with high anxiety are associated with an increased average time between visits (Armfield et al., 2007). Therefore, a problem that could have been rectified easily becomes a bigger issue between visits. If the dental decay extends deep into the tooth, then injecting a dental anesthetic and considerable drilling is required to remove decayed tooth tissue. If the decay extends to the pulp, then removal of the pulp and filling of the root canals will be required. All these procedures are expensive, more complex, and potentially more painful. Studies have shown that patients with most dental fear have significantly more missing teeth than patients with little or no fear (Armfield et al., 2007). Although it has been hypothesized that the fear of dental treatment can motivate patients to maintain good oral health status, studies have shown that this is not the case (Schuller et al., 2003).
Optimization and Dose Reduction in Dentomaxillofacial Imaging
Published in Lawrence T. Dauer, Bae P. Chu, Pat B. Zanzonico, Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging, 2018
Dental caries (tooth decay) (Fejerskov 2015), a serious malady of mankind for all time, remains the most prevalent infectious disease worldwide in both children and adults (Ozdemir 2013). An infection could result from the confluence of tooth, substrate, and cariogenic bacteria. If an infection were left untreated, progressive demineralization of the enamel and dentin, invasion and necrosis of pulpal tissues, and spread into the adjacent alveolar bone could result. Complications from dental caries, usually in the form of an abscess at the root apex, which may break through the bone and into the fascial spaces, can lead to death (Kim 2013). Dental caries is largely preventable through diet, home oral hygiene, and periodic visits to the dentist.
Oral health of children in Aotearoa New Zealand–time for change
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2022
Dorothy H. Boyd, Susan M. Moffat, Lyndie A. Foster Page, J. Kura Lacey (Te Arawa iwi, Ngāti Whakaue hapū and Ngāruahine iwi, Okahu/Inuawai hapū), Kathryn N. Fuge, Arun K. Natarajan, Tule F. Misa (Tule fanakava Misa of Te'ekiu, Kanokupolu, Tonga Island), W. Murray Thomson
For Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) children, good oral health has become a luxury that most Māori and Pasifika children, and those of low socio-economic status, do not enjoy. By age 5 years, three out of five Māori, seven out of ten Pasifika and one out of three non-Māori/non-Pasifika children have already experienced dental caries (‘tooth decay’), making it the most prevalent non-communicable disease (NCD) in NZ children (Ministry of Health 2021a), as well as worldwide (Marcenes et al. 2013). Dental caries is the process by which the hard tissues of teeth are demineralised by organic acids arising from the microbial metabolism of dietary free sugars (Banerjee et al. 2020), resulting in carious lesions, popularly known as ‘cavities’. The term ‘early childhood caries’ (ECC) refers to the disease in the primary dentition in young children.
Long-term antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility of novel low-shrinkage-stress, remineralizing composites
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Ghalia Bhadila, Deepak Menon, Xiaohong Wang, Taissa Vila, Mary Ann S. Melo, Silvia Montaner, Dwayne D. Arola, Michael D. Weir, Jirun Sun
Recurrent dental caries remains one of the main reasons behind the high-cost re-dentistry [1]. Dental caries is caused by oral biofilms, which produce organic acids that dissolve tooth minerals [2]. Subsequently, any strategy which could suppress caries progression should rely on the control of caries as a biofilm-dependent disease [3]. In the past, many studies incorporated various antibacterial agents into dental resins to suppress biofilms and their acid production, such as quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) [4, 5]. Several studies used QAMs to promote potent antibacterial function with no detrimental effects on mechanical and physical properties [6–9]. For example, ionic dimethacrylate monomers (IDMAs) were used to reduce bacterial colonization without compromising the viability of mammalian cells [4]. Other studies incorporated various QAMs monomers such as 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) [8], methacryloxylethylcetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMAE-CB) [10], and quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QPEI) nanoparticles [11].
Does the Use of Ozone as a Cavity Disinfectant Affect the Bonding Strength of Antibacterial Bonding Agents?
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
Suzan Cangul, Begum Erpacal, Ozkan Adiguzel, Savas Sagmak, Server Unal, Samet Tekin
Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease occurring as a result of dental hard tissues destroyed by micro-organisms found in the oral cavity. In other words, the presence of bacteria is an important factor in the formation of caries (Cellik and Bahsi 2019). Following cavity preparation, micro-organisms in the cavity walls, in the enamel-dentin border, in the smear layer created during preparation, or in the dentin tubules cannot be completely eliminated. Bacteria remaining in the dentin can cause recurrent caries, postoperative sensitivity and pulp inflammation under the restoration. After physical removal of the caries, bacteria and bacterial side-products may need to be removed (Akturk et al. 2019; Attiguppe et al. 2019; Cellik and Bahsi 2019; Yavuz et al. 2015). Previous studies have also shown that mechanical methods of removing caries are not fully effective in the elimination of micro-organisms. It is necessary to use cavity disinfectants for complete elimination. In addition to the chemical substances currently used for cavity disinfectants, such as chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), benzalkonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); ozone and lasers of different wavelengths are also used (Topbas and Adiguzel 2017; Oztekin and Adiguzel 2019).