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Repetitive strain injury
Published in Carol Wilkinson, Managing Health at Work, 2020
Tenosynovitis is a disorder affecting the tissues of the hand, wrist and arm. It is slightly different to peritendinitis, in that it is manifested by inflammation of a tendon in its sheath and surrounding tissues. Sites often affected include the wrist, hand, fingers, forearm and elbow. Common signs and symptoms of this condition include: painful or aching fingers, wrists or lower arms - this may be a nagging pain similar to toothache;pain in the elbow worsening on movement;swelling of the affected area;loss of function and/or weakness of the grip of the hand;crepitus3 over the affected area;numbness and/or tingling in the fingers, hands or wrists. Tenosynovitis occurs as a result of rapid repetitive movements of the lower arm, wrist and fingers. It has been recognized among assembly line workers since the 1930s. It occurs in workers who are required to undertake tasks using manual force, or involved in awkward and unsuitable positions. This condition is common among meat and poultry workers, engineers and VDU operators (English et al., 1989). The condition has also been detected in agricultural workers, e.g. cane cutters, net makers and hop pickers.
Artificial neural network for gender determination using mandibular morphometric parameters: A comparative retrospective study
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Vathsala Patil, Ravindranath Vineetha, Saumya Vatsa, Dashrathraj K Shetty, Adithya Raju, Nithesh Naik, Namesh Malarout
The artificial neural network is an upcoming technology in forensic dentistry, which streamlines and automates the method of identification of unknown patterns by minimizing errors (Sikka & Jain, 2016). It employs the use of machine learning to diagnose and make predictions through large collected data. Although not many confirmative studies are available, it can be stated that its use in forensic science is progressing beyond conventional practice (Kozan & Zelenchuk, 2017). The use of this technology has been explored for age estimation, gender prediction using skeletal bones – femur, reading facial images, etc. In general dentistry, ANN is applied in building a toothache prediction model to explore the relation between dental pain and influencing factors like tooth brushing frequency and toothbrush replacement time and analyze the factors which influence clinical approach to impacted canines (Xie, Wang, & Wang, 2010). It has also been used to model and understand the need for extraction before orthodontic treatment; evaluate the relation between the property of restorative material and its life span as restoration; and analyze the indirect cause of extraction (Deepti, Jyothi, & Vinay, 2014; Käkilehto, Salo, & Larmas, 2009).
Willingness to pay for fluoride-free water in Tanzania: disentangling the importance of behavioural factors
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2023
Luciano Gutierrez, Giuseppe Nocella, Giorgio Ghiglieri, Alfredo Idini
Many respondents considered the water they consume to be dirty, and only about 28% stated that it was clean. Furthermore, despite their experience with toothache and back pain, two diseases usually connected with dental and skeletal fluorosis, only 48% had consumed defluoridated water. With respect to the price of water, the majority of respondents (53%) stated that they do not pay anything for water, and 38% declared that they usually pay a monthly fee without any specific constraints on the amount they can collect. The average monthly fee was TZS 908 (Tanzanian shillings) (US$0.39); the rest of the participants pay for water by the bucket, with an average price of TZS 59 (US$0.025).
Removal of acetaminophen in water by laccase immobilized in barium alginate
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
Karnika Ratanapongleka, Supot Punbut
Acetaminophen (APAP), commonly named as paracetamol (N-acetyl-4-aminophenol), is one of the most popular and widely used medicines to relieve fever and pain due to tension headache, muscular aches, backache, toothache and general pain. It can be easily purchased in retail stores over-the-counter or as a prescribed medicine. APAP is considered to be safe for use at therapeutic dosage but acute overdose could cause fatal liver damage and death. When ingested in therapeutic dosage, about 58–68% of APAP is excreted from the body [5]. Due to the huge production and high consumption worldwide, APAP has become one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. The quantities of APAP removed from contaminated waters by conventional treatment systems vary since these systems are not specially designed for pharmaceutical removal. The chance of APAP distribution to natural water thus increases and this can result in environmental impact on the ecosystem and aquatic organisms and human health effects. APAP has been detected in the aquatic environment with concentrations in the range of nanogram per liter to microgram per liter [6]. In surface water, APAP concentrations were found at levels up to 260 ng/l [7]. Up to 1.89 µg/l was detected in groundwater [8] and 30 µg/l in a sewage treatment plant [9]. Recently, the treatments of APAP by several physiochemical and electrochemical methods have been reported [3,10–12]. For example, the adsorption process removed APAP (100 ng/l–1 mg/l) with the percentage ranging from 45% to 85% [13,14]. About 53% removal of 5 mM APAP can be achieved by ozone oxidation [15]. However, these treatment processes have limitations on the disposal and the regeneration of absorbents, the formation of undesirable by-products, high treatment cost and high chemical consumption. As an alternative, the use of enzymes provides a benign option with advantages such as lower energy requirements, mild operational conditions and less undesirable pollutants after degradation.