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Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
Dentin is a mineralized tissue that forms the bulk of the crown and root of the tooth, giving the root its form; it surrounds coronal and radicular pulp, forming the walls of the pulp chamber and root canals; its composition is approximately 67% inorganic, 20% organic and 13% water (Glossary of Endodontic Terms 2016).
Multi-Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Published in Surender Kumar Sharma, Nanohybrids in Environmental & Biomedical Applications, 2019
Balaprasad Ankamwar, Saee Gharpure, Aman Akash
Scaffolds are not only useful in case of bone repairs but also in the treatment of dental-related injuries. Dentin is one such component present beneath the enamel which provides support to the enamel, in the absence of which enamel would fracture upon mastication. Dentin is mainly composed of collagen, carbonated apatite, and dentinal fluid. The synthetic material commonly used for filling/replacing dental tissue doesn’t show similarity to actual bone tissue, because of which complete restoration can subsequently fail. Therefore, a nanocomposite of ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) was chosen because of their properties of mechanical strength and hydrophilicity, respectively. This nanocomposite was used to prepare copolymer scaffold, i.e., P(EMA-co-HEA). Additionally, 15% w/w of silica was added because of its property to confer bioactivity to form a P(EMA-co-HEA)SiO2 nanocomposite scaffold. The scaffold with silica showed a covering of HAP after being submerged in simulated body fluid (SBF). The prepared scaffold showed physical and histological similarity to natural dentin tissue. It was found that cell colonization and viability was enhanced in the presence of HAP, and thus the HAP-incorporated P(EMA-co-HEA)SiO2 scaffold showed better results compared to P(EMA-co-HEA)SiO2 without HAP coating and P(EMA-co-HEA) scaffolds [165].
Nanoindentation of Tooth Tissues
Published in Michelle L. Oyen, Handbook of Nanoindentation with biological applications, 2019
As the inner layer of tooth hard tissue, dentin is much softer than enamel. This may be appreciated from the following aspects: structurally, as odontoblasts penetrate into dentin tubules, dentin and pulp are usually considered as a vital complex in response to bacterial invasion; compositionally, dentin has much higher organic component than enamel; functionally, because its major role is to protect the pulp rather than mastication, the mechanical property requirements of dentin are for toughness rather than hardness as for enamel.
Remineralization of human dentin type I collagen fibrils induced by carboxylated polyamidoamine dendrimer/amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomposite: an in vitro study
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Jing Yang, Jingxian Huang, Hejia Qin, Jindong Long, Xuandong Lin, Fangfang Xie
Dental caries is the most common oral disease owing to the demineralization of dental hard tissues [1]. Dentin is mainly composed of mineralized type I collagen fibrils [2]. The release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from demineralized dentin can lead to the degradation of exposed collagen fibrils, thereby affecting the durability of resin-dentin bonding [3,4], which is also one of the inducing factors of secondary caries [5,6]. Research indicates that more than 96% of patients have secondary caries after dental caries treatment [7], and 70% of the caries treatment expenditure is spent on secondary restoration owing to the failure of the first treatment [8].