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Polymer Materials for Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Iriczalli Cruz Maya, Vincenzo Guarino
Collagen-based materials, especially collagen type I, have been used extensively, for guided tissue and Guided Bone Regeneration (GTR/GBR) to separate the bone from epithelial and connective tissues during the regeneration process (Stoecklin-Wasmer et al. 2013). Collagen membranes have shown that the formation of bone and cementum improved on in vivo experiments (Tal et al. 1996). Nanofiber composites of fish collagen with bioactive glass and chitosan have been designed to promote bone regeneration in furcation defects on in vivo studies. Results have shown an excellent biocompatibility, meanwhile, the addition of bioactive glass improved the mechanical properties (Zhou et al. 2017). On the other hand, there are reports related with the antimicrobial activity of chitosan, therefore the addition of chitosan to these scaffolds may prevent the adhesion of bacteria by controlling the chitosan concentration without cytotoxic effects. Dense collagen gel scaffolds seeded with dental pulp stem cells have shown that it is a promising strategy for bone tissue regeneration on in vivo experiment by inducing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs (Chamieh et al. 2016).
Polymers in Special Uses
Published in Manas Chanda, Plastics Technology Handbook, 2017
In order to enhance the bioactivity and potential osteoconductivity of bioresorbable polymer scaf-folds, bioactive glass becomes a candidate material to be used as a coating, effectively forming a polymer/glass composite structure. Another reason to combine a bioactive glass with biodegradable polyesters is to control undesirable hydrolytic degradation characteristics of the polyesters such as rapid internal degradation and degradation-induced morphological and compositional changes. These considerations have led to the development of a new hybrid composite material concept based on using biodegradable polymer scaffolds coated with tailored bioactive glass layers [136]. A commercial bioactive glass is named Bioglass®, which has the following composition by weight: 45% SiO2, 24.5% Na2O, 24.5% CaO, and 6% P2O5. When in contact with body fluids, this bioactive glass rapidly (2 h) forms a thin surface layer of calcium phosphate that stimulates cellular infiltration and osteointegration of the bioactive glass to the surrounding tissue by processes of osteoconduction, thus promoting bone regeneration [137].
Cellulose nanocrystals reinforced gelatin/bioactive glass nanocomposite scaffolds for potential application in bone regeneration
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Wenwei Gao, Liying Sun, Zetian Zhang, Zhengjun Li
Composite materials fabricated by a combination of bioactive glass and biodegradable polymer have got a significant attention in biomedical fields [13]. Particularly, bioactive glass (BG) is becoming one of the most exciting clinical biomaterials in bone tissue regeneration [14]. As an outstanding inorganic ingredient, BG was successfully combined with organic components like collagen [15], PCL [16], chitosan [17], gelatin [18], silk fibroin [19], sodium alginate [20] for fabrication of bone regeneration scaffold. In-vitro evaluation of silica-based composite materials manifested that concentration of Si released into the environment could make a great effect on protein secretion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mineralization. It should be noticing that there may be a critical concentration of Si for its responsiveness in stimulating osteoblasts or osteoblast-like cells [21].
Preparation of gelatin hydrogel sponges incorporating bioactive glasses capable for the controlled release of fibroblast growth factor-2
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Ayako Washio, Hiroki Teshima, Kazuyoshi Yokota, Chiaki Kitamura, Yasuhiko Tabata
Bioactive glasses (BG) are the subset of inorganic bioactive materials, which are capable of reacting with physiological fluids to form tenacious bonds to bone through the formation of bone-like hydroxyapatite layers and the biological interaction of collagen with the material surface [14]. It has been found that reactions on bioactive glass surfaces lead to the release of critical concentrations of soluble Si, Ca, P and Na ions, which induce favorable intracellular and extracellular responses leading to rapid bone formation [15]. The ability of a material to form a hydroxyapatite -like surface layer when immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) in vitro is often taken as an indication of its bioactivity [16]. Furthermore, it has been suggested that this in vitro bioactivity is an indication of the bioactive potential of a material in vivo [17]. In dentistry, it was reported that BG induced incomplete reparative dentin formation on exposed dental pulp [18].
Barrier membranes for tissue regeneration in dentistry
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2021
Jun-Ichi Sasaki, Gabriela L. Abe, Aonan Li, Pasiree Thongthai, Ririko Tsuboi, Tomoki Kohno, Satoshi Imazato
Bioactive glass composed mainly of silicon dioxide is an amorphous material that shows biodegradability [114–116]. Bioactive glass can release calcium and silicate ions, enhancing the activity of osteoblasts, and as a result forms a connection with bone [116–118]. It has been shown that bioactive glass contained in biodegradable membranes promoted mineral deposition on the surface and osteoblastic cell functions [84,87,98,119,120]. Hong et al. [119] combined a bioactive glass with collagen membrane, to which FGF-2 solution was infiltrated. The authors implanted the hybrid membranes in rat calvaria defects, which subsequently showed accelerated bone regeneration.