China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Biomedical Applications of Laser Texturing
Published in Savaş Kaya, Sasikumar Yesudass, Srinivasan Arthanari, Sivakumar Bose, Goncagül Serdaroğlu, Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications, 2022
Bruno Gago, Antonio Riveiro Rodríguez, Pablo Pou, Mónica Fernández-Arias, Jesús del Val García, Rafael Comesaña Piñeiro, Aida Badaoui, Mohamed Boutinguiza Larosi, Juan Pou Saracho
Implants are clinical devices made of one or several materials, which are introduced into the body to replace, repair, or augment a damaged tissue or organ. Materials used for these applications are called biomaterials. Not all the biomaterials are integrated in the same way by the biological tissues. Their degree of the bioactivity depends on the type of biomaterial (namely, polymeric, metallic, or ceramic), but for a large extent depends on the surface characteristics of the implant. Surface topography (consisting of form, waviness, and roughness), wettability, chemical composition (including presence of functional groups), surface charge, surface stiffness, or surface energy have been reported to be relevant surface characteristics of implants as they influence the interfacial reactions of biological tissues with the biomaterial. In this chapter, we will focus our attention to only two of these characteristics: surface topography and wettability. As we will see, these are not independent, as wettability depends, to a certain extent, on the roughness.
Tailoring and Assessing Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (Eva)/Organoclay Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
Published in Jose James, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Yang Weimin, Kaushik Pal, Processing and Characterization of Multicomponent Polymer Systems, 2019
Azlin Fazlina Osman, Tuty Fareyhynn M. Fitri, Abdul Hamid Asna Rasyidah, Fatimah Hashim, Md Rakibuddin, Abdulkader M. Alakrach
Biomaterials are materials of natural or synthetic origin that are suitable for close contact with living tissues of a human body, especially as part of a medical device or implant. American National Institute of Health has defined biomaterial as “any substance or combination of substances, other than drugs, synthetic or natural in origin, which can be used for any period of time, which augments or replaces partially or totally any tissue, organ or function of the body, in order to maintain or improve the quality of life of the individual” [16]. The term of ‘implants’ is applied to the biomaterials which are utilized for devices in dental, ophthalmic instrument, orthopedics, and surgical [17]. There are several types of implant, for example, sutures, bone plates, joint replacements, ligaments, vascular grafts, heart valves, intraocular lenses and dental implants and medical devices such as pacemakers, biosensors, artificial hearts and blood tubes. These devices are widely used to replace and/or restore the function of traumatized or degenerated tissues or organs, to assist in healing, to improve function and to correct abnormalities [1, 2].
Nanotechnology in Preventive and Emergency Healthcare
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Manash Pratim Pathak, Kumud Joshi, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Implants are usually defined as devices that reinstate any specific body part or act as a part or whole biological structure. Various fields of cardiovascular science, orthopaedics, pacemakers, defibrillators, prosthetics, and DDS use different types of implants (Khan et al., 2014; Regar et al., 2001). However, at times, many induce an immune compromised situation due to their interaction with neighboring tissues, fluids, and proteins, which leads to the development of non-conductive glial tissues (Webster et al., 2003). Selective formation of desired tissues, by employing approaches like the alteration of material coating and the utilization of biodegradable polymers and composites of both synthetic and natural materials, are under constant development to fulfill the aim of obtaining improved next generation biomaterials. Nanomaterials specifically enjoy the benefit of being of a suitable material of selection for bioimplants, due to their similarity with biological organs like bone and the nervous system (Ayad et al., 1998).
Advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Hao Cui, Yan You, Guo-Wang Cheng, Zhou Lan, Ke-Long Zou, Qiu-Ying Mai, Yan-Hua Han, Hao Chen, Yu-Yue Zhao, Guang-Tao Yu
The primary material used for implants is titanium, a metal with good biocompatibility. It has the disadvantage of not having antibacterial properties, and bacteria tend to collect and adhere to its surface, leading to infection problems [214]. Peri-implantitis is often the leading cause of implant failure. The antibacterial ability of nanomaterials can also be applied in implants. One idea is to use materials or drugs with antibacterial ability to prepare a coating and modify it onto the implant surface to achieve an excellent antibacterial effect [215]. For example, ZnNPs were prepared as a coating and modified on the implant surface, and the results showed a significant reduction in the number of parthenogenic anaerobic bacteria and streptococci in the medium within 96 hours in an in vitro test compared to implants without the modified coating [121]. In addition, Wang et al. synthesized ZnO nanorods and ZnO nanorods using the hydrothermal method. Then ZnO nanorods were first covered with Ti surface, and finally, ZnNPs and ZnO nanorods were modified as the outermost layer. This coating can rapidly release ZnO nanorods, and the continuous release of ZnO nanorods can achieve a dual antibacterial effect [122]. In addition, the nano-cerium oxide (CeO NPs) coating application was shown to reduce the average gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) in per titanium tissues, resulting in a powerful anti-inflammatory effect [123].
A comprehensive summary of disease variants implicated in metal allergy
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Metallosis: Metallosis is another potential cause of implant failure. It is a condition characterized by deposition and accumulation of metal debris in the soft tissues associated with metal-on-metal implants (Vaz et al. 2019). The subsequent inflammatory reactions initiated by this process may lead to pain and swelling, pseudotumor formation, aseptic fibrosis, and osteolysis – symptoms that remain localized at the implant site (Oliveira et al. 2015). In some cases, however, metallosis might produce systemic effects. Systemic symptoms associated with metallosis generally involve nonspecific complaints including neurological impairments, memory loss, and chronic fatigue (Sahan and Anagnostakos 2020). It has been estimated that metallosis develops in approximately 5% of patients following implantation of metal-containing prosthetic devices. Vanadium, Co, Cr and Ti have all been associated with the development of metallosis (Breen and Stoker 1993; Czekaj et al. 2016; Pesce et al. 2013).
Optimized trapezoidal-shaped hip implant for total hip arthroplasty using finite element analysis
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Chethan K N, Mohammad Zuber, Shyamasunder Bhat N, Satish Shenoy B
The healthy femur bone can withstand ten times to its body weight, beyond which it can lead to fracture(Chethan, Bhat, Zuber, & Shenoy, 2019). The total hip arthroplasty consists of implants made up of the stem, femoral head, acetabular cup and backing cup where the stem is inserted into the femur and femoral head is fitted over the stem by press-fit mechanism(Mattei, Di Puccio, Piccigallo, & Ciulli, 2011; Ihesiulor, Shankar, Smith, & Fien, 2015). The replaced hip joints are made up of biomaterials that comply with patient requirements. Currently, titanium-based alloys, chromium-based alloys, and ultrahigh molecular polyethylene are used widely used to manufacture these implants(Saini, 2015). The implants are usually patient specific which depends on the length of the femur, the diameter of the femoral head and the angle between femoral head to the femur. The size of the femoral head can vary from 22 mm to 54 mm depending upon specific human anatomy(Cho, Choi, & Kim, 2016). The femoral stems are available in many different geometrical designs such as straight, tapered, short length, and anatomical(Levadnyi, Awrejcewicz, Gubaua, & Pereira, 2017; Kim & Yoo, 2016). It has been reported in the various literature that these implants can last for ten years and less due to the extensive wear of materials (Watanabe et al., 2000; Huiskes & Chao, 1983; Rohlmann, Mössner, Bergmann, & Kölbel, 1983).