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Applications of Thin Films in Metallic Implants
Published in Sam Zhang, Materials for Devices, 2023
Katayoon Kalantari, Bahram Saleh, Thomas J. Webster
The artificial heart is known to be a solution for ischemic heart disease. Cardiovascular implants must have complete biocompatibility with blood to reduce the risk of adverse thrombogenic clotting. These implants can be made up of non-bioprosthetics like Ni–Co alloys, stainless steel, Co–Cr alloys, and polypropylene or natural materials. However, for the prevention of extra surgeries and patient fatality, suitable attention should be given to the entire design and selection of the implant [141]. The most frequently used material in stents is 316L stainless steel, which is susceptible to corrosion and its nickel release leads to an allergic reaction. in particular, the discharge of Mo, Ni, and Cr ions from stainless steel stents can activate limited immune and inflammatory reactions [143].
Introduction
Published in Arthur T. Johnson, Biology for Engineers, 2019
An important class of models is physical models based upon mathematical calculations and design criteria to produce useful aids for learning, testing, and substitution. These models take the forms of tangible items that may or may not resemble the prototype that they are meant to mimic. For instance, a physical model can be used for learning and training for injection procedures in the eye (Mukherjee and Sivaprakasam, 2015). Other physical models are used for artificial heart testing and lung replacement. Prosthetic devices are actually physical models that perform the same functions as the limbs or organs they are meant to replace.
New Technology and the Future
Published in Ervan Garrison, A History of Engineering and Technology Artful Methods, 2018
The decades of the 1960s and 1980s have seen the most dramatic biomedical engineering creations in the form of artificial devices that can substitute for natural organs performing life-sustaining processes. The three most prominent devices of this type are: The artificial kidney or dialysis machineThe heart-lung machineThe artificial heart.
Research progress of portable extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Yuansen Chen, Duo Li, Ziquan Liu, Yanqing Liu, Haojun Fan, Shike Hou
ECMO is mainly composed of a blood pump, an oxygenator, a heat exchanger, a monitoring and control system, cannula and pipeline. Its core components are the blood pump and oxygenator, which play the role of artificial heart and artificial lung respectively. Currently, the adult blood pump mainly used in the clinical setting consists of a centrifugal pump that circulates blood through the centrifugal force generated by the turbine. ECMO in children uses both centrifugal pump and roller pump. The roller pump drives the blood flow through the roller extrusion pipeline. The oxygenator is made of hollow fiber membrane, which can achieve blood gas exchange while avoiding direct contact between oxygen and blood.