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Application of Nanocomposite Solid Films in Tribology
Published in Ahalapitiya H. Jayatissa, Applications of Nanocomposites, 2022
Bodhi Ravindran Manu, H. Ahalapitiya Jayatissa
Using 3D printing technology, it is possible to manufacture polymer nanocomposite with high dimensional accuracy and flexibility. 3D printed PEEK is used for facial reconstruction of an individual patient with the required strength, durability and stiffness. In cardiac surgery, PEEK finds application in manufacturing heart valve prostheses, leaflet heart valves and stents. Another application in cardiology includes the manufacture of the rotor of a micro axial pump. In dentistry, PEEK implants are used for tooth replacement. PEEK has a wide variety of applications in bone tissue engineering, post teeth bleaching, spinal implants, joint replacement and restoration of periodontal defects.
Sheer Unadulterated Professionalism
Published in James Reason, The Human Contribution, 2017
As has been shown by earlier case studies in this chapter, the performance of people at the sharp end can be influenced for good or ill by team and systemic issues. Our study revealed both positive and negative effects: Positive effects of the team and the organisation: the hospitals in which the four excellent surgeons worked always prioritised clinical goals over non-clinical ones. The cases were scheduled so that the consultant surgeon could be present in the operating theatre from start to finish of the operation. Policies were in place to reduce potential sources of distraction; for example, non-case-related communications and the number of external observers present in the theatre.Negative effects: two of the lower-scoring surgeons had a problem with team stability. In one case, there was no senior house officer specialising in paediatric cardiac surgery, and the other junior surgeon was inexperienced. There was also a different scrub nurse for each case. These difficulties meant the ‘flow’ of the procedure was frequently being disrupted by the need to stop and correct errors. In the other surgeon’s institution, there was an ad hoc allocation of staff to theatre teams. This made it difficult to generate smooth team functioning. These latent organisational factors were particularly evident when the two surgeons encountered unexpected events. The need to correct errors disturbed the surgical flow, and this, in turn, eroded the surgeons’ thinking time when faced with complication.
A Road Map to Artificial Neural Network
Published in Amit Kumar Tyagi, Ajith Abraham, Recurrent Neural Networks, 2023
Arpana Sharma, Kanupriya Goswami, Vinita Jindal, Richa Gupta
Medicine:Cardiovascular Diseases: ANN is useful in predicting the occurrence of coronary artery disease, diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, and estimation of mortality risk following cardiac surgery based on classification of a dataset. This helps in the immediate diagnosis and treatment of the patients [43].Neurosciences: ANN is applied to building a technique for the determination of cancer and detection of brain MRI through an image classifier. This is based on the Deep Wavelet Autoencoder along with the image decomposition property of wavelet transform [44].Radiology: ANNs are widely used in the analysis of medical images such as tumor detection in ultrasonograms, X-ray spectral reconstruction, determination of skeletal age from X-ray images and brain maturation, etc. ANN also plays an important role in the detection, for example, that of breast cancer. This technique requires raw image data only and shows promising results when applied to glaucoma detection [45].COVID: A multilayer ANN can be applied to forecast the GDP figures of countries affected severely due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic [16]. CNN model was developed to test the sensitivity of RT-PCR with high accuracy. A deep convolutional NN design is tailored for the screening and detection of COVID-19 cases through chest radiography [46, 47].
A Review of the Scope, Future, and Effectiveness of Using Artificial Intelligence in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Call to Action for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2023
Phase II is an outpatient program that recommends patients begin within 2–7 days following a percutaneous intervention, 4–6 weeks after cardiac surgery, or the intervening 6–8 weeks after discharge from the hospital (Shajrawi et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2018). Patients must generally obtain a physician’s referral to participate in this program because of fears of overexertion or a recurrence of heart issues (Shajrawi et al. 2020; Supervia et al. 2019). Typically, participation in this program begins with an intake evaluation of cardiac risk factors, such as lipid measures, blood pressure, body composition, depression/anxiety, and tobacco use (Grace et al. 2016). In addition, an exercise stress test is performed to determine if exercise is safe to allow for the customized exercise program (Supervia et al. 2019). Risk factors are addressed, and patients’ goals are established to achieve their targets through a cardiac-trained Registered Nurse, Physiotherapist, or exercise physiologist. The patient’s heart rate and blood pressure may be monitored during exercise to check the activity intensity (Supervia et al. 2019). Overall, the duration of CR varies from program to program and can range from six weeks to several years. Usually, the better well-established median of 24 sessions is offered worldwide (Chaves et al. 2020; Santiago de Araujo Pio et al. 2017).