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Cognitive technologies
Published in Alex Mihailidis, Roger Smith, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2023
Disruptions in the blood supply to the brain are one of the most common causes of brain damage. Strokes are caused by blockages to blood vessels (ischemic strokes) or by the bursting of a blood vessel (a hemorrhagic stroke). The risk factors for stroke include age, family history, heart disease, uncontrolled diabetes, high blood pressure, and smoking. Common cognitive effects of stroke include impaired memory, language difficulties, and paralysis, but again, they depend on the part of the brain that is affected (Kelly-Hayes et al., 1998).
SP-IMLA: Stroke Prediction Using an Integrated Machine-Learning Approach
Published in Sarvesh Tanwar, Sumit Badotra, Ajay Rana, Machine Learning, Blockchain, and Cyber Security in Smart Environments, 2023
Amit Bairwa, Satpal Singh Kushwaha, Vineeta Soni, Prashant Hemrajani, Sandeep Joshi, Pulkit Sharma
The main cause of stroke, a life-threatening medical condition [24], is disturbance in blood movement depriving brain muscle of oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells are damaged or die in fractions of minutes, compared to other organs [25]. Risk factors for stroke include smoking, diabetes, age, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent Mobile Apps
Published in Anirbid Sircar, Gautami Tripathi, Namrata Bist, Kashish Ara Shakil, Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan, Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Energy, 2022
Mohamed Yousuff, Anusha, Vijayashree, Jayashree
CVA is a coined medical phrase for stroke. A stroke is a severe life-menacing medical circumstance that occurs due to blockage of blood supply to a region of the brain. It is a state of emergency that requires compelling immediate treatment. Early treatment for a stroke substantially increases the chances of survival or results in minor damage to patients. The survivors can undergo problems such as slurring of voice, blindness, disarray, and paralysis. Depending on the type of CVA, the risk factor of death varies. Ischaemic CVA happens because of 85% clotting in blood vessels symptoms are settled within 24 hours. Haemorrhagic CVA is the fatal type of stroke because it ruptures the arteries carrying the blood to the brain (NHLBI, 2019). Figure 10.1 depicts the statistics of strokes according to World Stroke Organization (WSO) (World Stroke Organization, 2019).
Comparison of blood flow analysis in stenosed and stented carotid artery bifurcation models
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
M. Saqib Hameed, Awais Ahmad Shah, Muhammad Irfan Khan, Awais Ali, Imtiaz Hussain, Muhammad Dawood Bukhari
The normal blood flow in the carotid artery means that the artery is free of any significant blockage or narrowing. A stroke occurs when the supply of blood to brain is interrupted or reduced. This prevents the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the brain and as a result brain cells start dying within minutes of a stroke. The estimated risk of stroke in a lifetime for an individual 25 years or above was 22.8% in 1990; the risk has increased to 24.9% in 2016 (Gorelick, 2019). Atherosclerosis is a cause of carotid stenosis, which results in the narrowing of the carotid artery because of plaque buildup. A patient with a completely blocked carotid artery is at an increased risk of stroke. A computed tomography angiography (CTA; Kigka et al., 2019) or Doppler ultrasound of the neck (Brook, 2020), magnetic resonance angiography (Cavallo et al., 2019), or a cerebral angiogram (Allison et al., 2021) are used to diagnose carotid stenosis. The condition is often treated with a minimally invasive procedure called carotid artery stenting (Ahn et al., 2013; White et al., 2022), which compresses the plaque and increases the lumen of an artery. A stent is a self-expanding mesh-like structure of tubular form, which is placed inside the artery to remove blockage of blood flow. Patients with moderate to high-grade carotid stenosis (more than 70%) are typically suggested a stenting procedure. The post-procedure angiograms demonstrate a high precision in which a stent restores the vessel to its normal dimension (Wholey & Finol, 2007).
Engaging in a home-based exercise program: a mixed-methods approach to identify motivators and barriers for individuals with stroke
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Sutanuka Bhattacharjya, Isabelle Linares, Jeanne Langan, Wenyao Xu, Heamchand Subryan, Lora Anne Cavuoto
Among the 6.6 million stroke survivors in the United States, over 70% experience a form of disability ranging from mild to major functional impairments that cause them to require varying levels of assistance from family members to complete activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (Lutz et al., 2017). Furthermore, motor functional impairments are among the most common deficits reported following a stroke (Miller et al., 2017). Over 80% of stroke survivors continue to report impaired upper limb function (Doman et al., 2016; McLaren et al., 2020). Rehabilitation at home through completion of home exercise programs is increasingly recommended (Miller et al., 2017). However, adherence to home exercise programs remains unsatisfactory (Jurkiewicz et al., 2011; Miller et al., 2017). Although there is no clearly documented level at which adherence is considered poor (Argent et al., 2018), there is robust evidence that home exercise programs are not consistently performed as prescribed (Babbar et al., 2021). Studies have identified barriers to exercise which include lack of motivation, missing instructions, lack of personalization of technology, low self-efficiency or mood, and lack of availability of caregivers (Donoso Brown et al., 2020; Novak, 2011; Scorrano et al., 2018).
Genetic Folding (GF) Algorithm with Minimal Kernel Operators to Predict Stroke Patients
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
A stroke is an acute neurological condition of the blood arteries in the brain that happens when the blood flow to one part of the brain ceases, and the brain cells are deprived of the required oxygen. Strokes are classified as either ischemic or hemorrhagic. It can range from moderate to severe, causing permanent or temporary harm. Hemorrhages are uncommon and arise from a blood artery rupture, resulting in brain hemorrhage. The most frequent type of stroke is an ischemic stroke, which occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted due to a constriction or blockage of an artery (Bustamante et al. 2021; Katan and Luft 2018). An individual has a higher risk to have a stroke if they have previously experienced a similar stroke, have had a transient stroke, have a myocardial infarction, have other heart conditions like heart failure or atrial fibrillation, are older (although stroke can occur at any age, even in children), have hypertension, carotid stenosis from atherosclerosis, smoke, or have high blood cholesterol (Alloubani, Saleh, and Abdelhafiz 2018; Boehme, Esenwa, and Elkind 2017; Xia et al. 2019).