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Ferrous and non-ferrous metals
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
Titanium may be arc-welded, but this requires the exclusion of air, usually by the use of argon gas shielding. Other welding technologies such as plasma arc and laser or electron beam are used for more specialist applications.
Solid-phase Photocatalytic Degradation of Plastic Films
Published in Sampa Chakrabarti, Solar Photocatalysis for Environmental Remediation, 2019
The most widely used semiconductor photocatalyst is the anatase phase of TiO2. In most cases, it is Degussa P-25 variety. In some cases, it is prepared by controlled hydrolysis of organic or inorganic salts of titanium. Very few studies have reported the use of other photocatalysts, such as zinc oxide, tungstophosphoric acid, or goethite.
Design Properties of Materials
Published in Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener, Applied Strength of Materials, Sixth Edition SI Units Version, 2017
Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener
Titanium has very high strength, and its density is only about half that of steel. Although aluminum has a lower density, titanium is superior to both aluminum and most steels on a strength-to-weight basis. It retains a high percentage of its strength at elevated temperatures and can be used up to about 550°C. Most applications of titanium are in the aerospace industry in engine parts, fuselage parts and skins, ducts, spacecraft structures, and pressure vessels. Because of its corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength, the chemical industries use titanium in heat exchangers and as a lining for processing equipment. High cost is a major factor to be considered.
Wear estimation at the contact surfaces of oval shaped hip implants using finite element analysis
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Numa Shaikh, Satish Shenoy B, Shaymasunder Bhat N, Sawan Shetty, Chethan K N
Titanium and its alloys are prominent metallic implant biomaterials that are utilised in total hip arthroplasty. In the medical industry, titanium alloys, such as Ti−6Al−4 V, are the most frequently used materials for stems and acetabular cementless hip replacements (Hu & Yoon, 2018). Titanium and its alloys have high corrosion resistance, great mechanical strength and a relatively low density (Hu & Yoon, 2018). This metal is widely used in many applications in the medical sector because of its outstanding biocompatibility (Shrestha, 2017). Because of its strength properties, durability, and chemical inertness, UHMWPE has been adopted for acetabular bearings for nearly 50 years. Recent advances have resulted in a material that is extremely wear-resistant and may last more than 15 years (Wang, 2013)(Encyclopedia of Tribology). Alloys of Co-Cr have excellent strength, corrosion, and wear properties, making them a popular implant material choice. Since its Young’s modulus is greater than titanium alloys’ and its wear resistance is greater, it is mainly used as a cement type femoral stem material (Hu & Yoon, 2018). The mechanical materials properties are shown in Table 1.
Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Metastable Beta and α+β Titanium Alloy Electron Beam Weldments
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2023
Vamsi Krishna K, Gopi Krishna C, Nagendra Polamarasetty, Mahesh Kumar Talari, Vijay N. Nadakuduru, Kishore Babu Nagumothu
Titanium and its alloys are readily joined by a variety of fusion welding techniques such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding, plasma arc welding, laser beam welding (LBW), and electron beam welding (EBW) and solid-state welding techniques such as friction stir processing and friction welding. Among them, EBW offers several advantages over other techniques. EBW provides low heat input but higher power density, ease of automation, and less contamination by interstitial elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Also, deeper and narrower welds with narrower heat-affected zones (HAZs) and lower residual stresses are observed.[5,6] Moreover, microstructural control is achievable by using beam oscillations, which in turn can enhance the mechanical properties of the weldments.[6]
Revealing boron adsorption on the α-Ti(0001) surface by first-principles calculations
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2022
Yuyu Wu, Xinyu Wang, Yonghua Duan, Mingjun Peng
Titanium (Ti) is a transition metal with a high melting point, and its alloys have been widely used in industrial products due to the lightweight and high strength [1–4]. However, the lower hardness and poor wear resistance of Ti and its alloys limit their wider use. The interaction between elements and the surface of Ti is crucial for studying the improvement of surface properties of titanium alloys [5,6]. The adsorption of hydrogen molecules (H2) or hydrogen on the metal surface is most frequently investigated [7–10]. For H2 adsorbed on the Ti(0001) surface, the adsorption energies of the octahedron and tetrahedron sites located between the second and third layers are greater than those between the first and the second layers or between third and the fourth layers [11,12]. Hydrogen adsorption on the Ti(0001) surface also has been discussed using the first-principles calculations, and adsorption site has an important effect on adsorption energy of H [13]. On the surface of the Ti clusters, there are a lot of interstitial sites, which are the favorable adsorption positions for oxygen atoms [14].