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Plant Product-Based Nanomedicine for Malignancies: Types and Therapeutic Effects
Published in Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Majid Kamli, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Hesham F. Alharby, Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in the Biological Sciences, 2022
Zuha Imtiyaz, Tabish Mehraj, Andleeb Khan, Mir Tahir Maqbool, Rukhsana Akhter, Mufeed Imtiyaz, Wajhul Qamar, Azher Arafah, Muneeb U. Rehman
Resveratrol and curcumin are widely known and studied phytochemicals, they have been extensively explored for their anticancer properties. However, their poor bioavailability, selectivity, and absorption are the shortcoming limiting their clinical applications. Therefore, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2-targetted immune-liposomes coupled with trastuzumab were used to carry drugs (resveratrol and curcumin), and they displayed exemplary antiproliferative effect in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and JIMT1 (Catania et al., 2013). Liposomal curcumin was also found effective in two prostate cancer cell lines wherein it was able to inhibit the proliferation of two prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and C4-2B (Thangapazham et al., 2008). Artemisinin is a famous phytochemical known for its antimalarial effect, and recent studies have reported its anticancer property. In order to develop new carrier strategies for better delivery and activation inside the cancer tissue, it was loaded with transferrin-conjugated liposomes. Results showed that conjugation of transferrin resulted in better delivery of artemisinin and also it was observed the cytotoxic effect of artemisinin on colon cancer cells, HCT8 (Leto et al., 2016). Honokiol, one more anticancer phytochemical that was formulated into PEGylated liposomal honokiol to have better solubility also enhanced its anticancer effect (Wang et al., 2011).
Appraising the Bioactivity Potentials of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Metallic Nanoparticles
Published in Akinola Rasheed Popoola, Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology for Sustainable Development, 2022
Mike O. Ojemaye, Anthony I. Okoh
Protozoan parasites (genus: Plasmodium) are usually transmitted when infected Anopheles mosquitoes bite humans and cause malaria. There are different species of Plasmodium that cause disease and include Plasmodium vivax, which is widespread, and Plasmodium falciparium, which causes most deaths. Other known Plasmodium species include Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi. In Sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a big health challenge, which has had dire consequences on most economies. In spite of huge global efforts to combat malaria through improved control interventions and enhanced funding for research on malaria, malaria deaths have continued to increase (Kojom et al., 2019). The development of resistance against artemisinin loci by P. falciparum, which was also encountered with previously used antimalarial drugs like sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine, has been a major setback to malaria prevention and elimination efforts globally. One of the diverse strategies for the development of new antimalarial drugs is the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms. Reports from our group have shown that these green synthesized metallic nanoparticles, e.g. AgNPs and AuNPs, are very potent against P. falciparum parasite (Larayetan et al., 2019; Okaiyeto et al., 2019, 2020).
In Vitro Diagnostics
Published in Tuan Vo-Dinh, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2017
Hoan T. Ngo, Naveen Gandra, Andrew M. Fales, Steve M. Taylor, Tuan Vo-Dinh
The usefulness of the nanorattle-based method for in vitro diagnostics is demonstrated by the detection of a specific DNA sequence of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Malaria is still a threat in tropical countries, with about 207 million infection cases and over 600,000 deaths in 2013. Mutant malaria parasites, which are resistant to artemisinin drugs, have also been reported. For effective treatment, it is thus important to develop malaria diagnostics methods that are able to not only detect malaria parasites but also distinguish between wild-type (WT) and mutant (Mut) parasites. We demonstrated that the nanorattle-based method can distinguish between WT DNA sequence and mutant DNA sequence with a single nucleotide difference. The use of magnetic beads and the method's simplicity make the nanorattle-based method a promising candidate for integration into lab-on-chip systems for POC in vitro diagnostics.
Design, characterization and pharmacokinetic studies of anti-Malarial drug Artemisinin by optimized self-emulsifying nano drug delivery system (SNEDDS)
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Sravani Karri, Sanjay Sharma, Ginpreet Kaur
Artemisinin is a BCS class II drug recommended and approved by WHO for the treatment of malaria as a first line drug in Combination with other anti-malarial drugs. Though it is having good parasitemia inhibition rate, its monotherapy is not recommended because of recrudescence of disease due to low bio-availability.[59] Reduction of size to nano range is one of the best methods to increase the solubility. Moreover, lipid based formulations provide increased absorption and increased bio-availability thereby.[60] When compared to other Nano particle based formulations and lipid based formulations, SNEDDS offer wide range of advantages in terms of quality and stability. Many of the researchers worked on Artemisinin to improve its bio-availability by preparing different Nano based formulations which includes nano liposomes, nanoparticles, nano micelles, nano gels, and nano capsules.[61] Thus, the attempts have made to develop ART SNEDDS formulation which adds novelty to our research work. ART-SNEDDS was designed to have a higher rate of dissolution and bioavailability by using soy bean oil as an oil phase, Tween 80 as surfactant and soy lecithin as co-surfactant. In the current study, we were able to develop an optimized ART-SNEDDS formulation that outperforms ART suspension and ART Marketed product in terms of quality. The optimized ART-SNEDDS were chosen based on their solubility, ideal globule size, drug release profile, and enhanced stability. The results of oral kinetic studies supported the formulation by demonstrating its increased absorption as compared to previous studies. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed ART SNEDDS formulation could overcome solubility issues, which are a major drawback of ART.