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Exploiting Arthropod Midgut Components for Development of Interventions against Infectious Diseases
Published in Hajiya Mairo Inuwa, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Emmanuel Olufemi Ekundayo, Abubakar Gidado, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Medical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutics, Forensic Science and Bioinformatics, 2022
Oluwafemi Abiodun Adepoju, Bashiru Ibrahim, Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun
Malaria is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. Globally, there were an estimated 229 million cases of malaria and 409,000 deaths in the year 2019 according to the World Malaria Report (WHO, 2020b). Nigeria had the highest burden of malaria cases (27% of all cases) and deaths (23% of all deaths) in 2019 (WHO, 2020b). In malaria endemic areas, control strategies involve the use of chemical compounds like insecticides targeting the vector or antimalarial drugs targeting the parasite (Yassine & Osta, 2010). Standard vector control interventions use insecticide-treated bed nets, mosquito sprays, and medication therapies to reduce human infection (Billingsley, 1994). A major weakness of these strategies is the emergence of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes and drug-resistant parasites. Currently there are no effective vaccines against the malaria parasite. Current intervention strategies are now focusing on blocking the transmission of the malaria parasite from the mosquito vector to the human host (Mathias et al., 2012; Nikolaeva et al., 2015, 2020).
Deep Learning in Medical Image Classification
Published in R. Sujatha, S. L. Aarthy, R. Vettriselvan, Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms to Overcome Challenges in Big Data Analytics, 2021
Malaria diagnosis is extremely important and necessary. A study by the WHO in 2018 estimates that around 228 million malaria cases were registered globally, out of which a count of 405,000 deaths occurred due to malaria. Children under 5 years old are the ones most affected by this disease and accounted for 67% of total deaths by malaria worldwide in 2018.
Fractional Calculus Approach in SIRS-SI Model for Malaria Disease with Mittag-Leffler Law
Published in Devendra Kumar, Jagdev Singh, Fractional Calculus in Medical and Health Science, 2020
Jagdev Singh, Sunil Dutt Purohit, Devendra Kumar
Malaria is transmitted from one person to another person by a particular female mosquito, namely, the Anopheles mosquito, which is one of the most effective vectors for human disease. Several species have been discovered to be the vectors in various parts of the globe. In Africa, the chief vector is found to be A. gambiae complex and in the region of North America that is known as A. freeborni. In India, approximately 45 different species of the mosquito have been discovered. The main vectors that have been involved in the transmission of disease malaria are A. fluviatilis, A. culicifacies, A. minimus, A. fluviatilis, A. stephensi, A. sundaicus, and A. philippinensis. These mosquitoes are found to be in different areas. A. minimus and A. fluviatilis have been discovered in hilly regions of India, A. sundaicus and A. stephensi have appeared in the coastal areas, and A. philippinensis and A. culicifacies and have appeared in the plains regions. Children are the major victims of malaria disease. Children less than 5 years old have 57% of malaria diseases fatalities. Malaria is one of the major causes of child mortality. In 2017, every 12th child that died was due to malaria.
Larvicidal activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from Carica papaya leaf extract
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Manish Kumar Dwivedi, Suvashish Kumar Pandey, Prashant Kumar Singh
Mosquitoes belonging to the phylum Arthropoda have been divided into about 3,500 species distributed worldwide. They are transmission agents for various vector-borne diseases.[1,2] They are a necessary target of disease eradication programs as vectors, and they transmit infectious agents, causing millions of yearly deaths worldwide.[1–5] The significant genera Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes are responsible for many fatal diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, zika, chikungunya, western equine encephalitis, dog heartworm, Japanese encephalitis, etc.[6] Malaria is caused by the plasmodium species and transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. According to the World Malaria Report (2021), 241 million cases and 627,000 deaths were reported due to malaria in 2020. Globally, malaria affected children below the age of 5 years, accounting for 80% in 2020.[7] Due to emerging drug resistance and the absence of effective vaccines, the vector control program seems to be an effective technique to control malaria infection or other vector-related diseases. Currently, mosquito larvae manage through treatments with organophosphates and insect growth regulators, showing adverse effects on the environment, aquatic organisms, and human health. Large-scale efforts are being made on plant extracts or phytochemicals as new and safe sources of larvicides.[8,9]
Betel essential oil-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules as mosquito repellent spray formulations for fabric finishes
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Azlan Kamari, Siti Najiah Mohd Yusoff, Siew Tin Susana Wong, Esther Phillip, Justin S. J. Hargreaves, Hidayatulfathi Othman
Mosquitoes are medically and economically significant groups of insects among dipterans. Mosquitoes are the vectors for various numbers of human and zoonotic disease pathogens affecting human and animal hosts (Alkenani, 2017; Sibanda et al., 2018). The most important mosquito species include member of the mosquito genera Aedes (vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika), Anopheles (vector of malaria) and Culex (vector of lymphatic filariasis) (Al-Mekhlafi, 2018; Schorkopf et al., 2016). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) nearly 700 million cases and 1 million deaths due to mosquito-borne diseases are reported each year worldwide. Based on the report published by WHO, there were 229 million of cases of malaria infection reported from endemic countries in 2019, with 409,000 fatalities being recorded (World Health Organization, 2020). Moreover, the global occurrence of dengue has grown dramatically with the number of infections reported to WHO increasing over 8 folds over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000 to and 5.2 million in 2019 (World Health Organization, 2021). In Malaysia, a total of 17,639 cases of dengue infection were recorded during the period from 29 December 2020 to 26 August 2021 (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2021).
Enhanced deep convolutional neural network for malarial parasite classification
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2022
M. Suriya, V. Chandran, M. G. Sumithra
Malaria is one kind of blood-infected disease caused due to the female mosquito (Anopheles) bites, which transmit the plasmodium parasitizes into the human body. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) malaria facts is a global forum which indicates that about half the world’s population is at risk from this epidemic disease. Roughly 200 million cases of malaria caused 29,000 deaths per year according to the world health report. Even though the investment is stable from the year 2010, malaria case is not reduced. In 2016, the governments of malaria-endemic countries and international countries invested 2.7 billion U.S. dollars to control malaria. The WHO in African region countries invested 74% in the year 2016 for the studymalaria. In order to reduce the malaria case incidence the government has planned to invest 6.4 billion U.S. dollars per year by 2020.