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Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
DEET is the most common ingredient in insect repellent preparations. It is effective against a broad spectrum of medically important pests, including mosquitoes. Despite its widespread use, controversies remain concerning both the identification of its target sites at the molecular level and its mechanism of action in insects. In a series of experiments, Corbel et al.536 found that DEET inhibits the AChE enzyme—the same mode of action used by organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.
Urban Sources of Micropollutants: from the Catchment to the Lake
Published in Nathalie Chèvre, Andrew Barry, Florence Bonvin, Neil Graham, Jean-Luc Loizeau, Hans-Rudolf Pfeifer, Luca Rossi, Torsten Vennemann, Micropollutants in Large Lakes, 2018
Jonas Margot, Luca Rossi, D. A. Barry
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is the active ingredient of the majority of commercial insect repellents. Showering and bathing after application and laundering of clothes are considered to be a major source of DEET in wastewater. Concentrations in raw wastewater are in the range 0.1 to 10 pg l−1, with the highest values observed usually in summer (Aronson et al., 2012).
Respiratory and Other Personal Protective Equipment
Published in Neil McManus, Safety and Health in Confined Spaces, 2018
The main ingredient in insect repellents is N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) (Anonymous 1993). DEET remains the most effective repellent despite years of tests of other compounds. DEET has been available since the 1940s and is used virtually without negative impact (Maibach and Johnson, 1975). DEET provides effective repellency at low application density (16 pg/m) (Maibach et al. 1974).
Fabric infused with a botanical repellent for protection against mosquitoes
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Lilah Halbkat, Kun Luan, Grayson Cave, Marian McCord, Michael Roe, Emiel DenHartog, Nicholas J. Travanty, Charles S. Apperson, Andre J. West
Both synthetic chemical and natural botanical insect repellents are widely used in geographic regions where mosquitoes and other biting arthropods reside. Botanical repellents are widely commercially available because of increasing public interest in products containing natural ingredients (Strickman & Frances, 2006).The candidate insect repellents are considered botanical if they are made from plant-based ingredients, exempt from EPA regulations, and do not contain any synthetic chemical-based pesticides. Modern-day botanical insect repellents are derived from naturally occurring herbal and essential plant oils that have been formulated into repellent products (West & Annett-Hitchcock, 2016). The primary active ingredients in botanical repellents include soybean oil, citronella, oil of lemon eucalyptus, lemongrass, castor oil, cedar oil, geranium oil, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, cedarwood oil, neem oil, and cornmint (Amer & Mehlhorn, 2006). Although botanical ingredients have the potential to contain toxic compounds, the botanical insect repellents used in this study were derived from pure plant oils, which have not been shown to display toxic properties when applied to the skin or clothing, as directed (Diaz, 2016).