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Arsenals of Pharmacotherapeutically Active Proteins and Peptides: Old Wine in a New Bottle
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Swati Gokul Talele, Tatiana G. Volova, A. K. Haghi, Biologically Active Natural Products, 2020
Lysine is required for synthesis of collagen, elastin, and carnitine [25]. Arginine is an important amino acid required for synthesis of molecules like nitric oxide, urea, creatine, proline, polyamine, and glutamate. The presence of arginine is also required for expression of some genes like arginosuccinate synthetase, arginosuccinate lyase, iNOS, cationinc amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) and zeta chain of T-cell receptor [26]. Histamine, a histidine derivative, plays an important role in inflammation. It also functions in gastric acid secretion and neuromodulation [34].
In vitro antioxidant activity evaluation of pine nut peptides (Pinus koraiensis) fermented by Bacillus subtilis LS-45
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Jiajia Sun, Zhi Zhang, Kexin Yang, Gang Wei, Yanxia Li
Table 1 shows that there are 17 different types of amino acids in EPP and FPP, with Ala, Tyr, Phe, Ile, Leu, and Pro having the highest hydrophobicity. His, Arg, and Lys are basic amino acids, and their amounts in EPP and FPP are 18.995% and 19.738%, respectively. His, Arg, and Lys make up 15.532% and 15.792% of the total protein content in EPP and FPP, respectively. Research has shown that the side chains of immunoactive peptides typically contain basic or hydrophobic amino acids. We can deduce that pine nut protein peptide has specific immunological activity from the measured data. Pine nut protein peptide appears to have some immunological action. Additionally, arginine levels in EPP and FPP are extremely high at 11.867% and 12.047%, respectively. It can stop thymus deterioration and has a potent immunomodulatory action (especially after an injury). Supplementing with arginine can make the thymus heavier and encourage the development of lymphocytes there.[32] Along with lymphocytes, arginine is also associated with the function of phagocytes in the immune system. The enzyme system may be activated if arginine is supplied to destroy bacteria, tumor cells, and other target cells.[33]
Progress in spray-drying of protein pharmaceuticals: Literature analysis of trends in formulation and process attributes
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Joana T. Pinto, Eva Faulhammer, Johanna Dieplinger, Michael Dekner, Christian Makert, Marco Nieder, Amrit Paudel
Arginine is a hydrophilic amino acid, containing a positively charged side chain[159] and has shown both technological and stabilizing advantages in parental applications, particularly in high concentration formulations of mAbs. In these types of formulations, arginine has shown viscosity lowering abilities and expedite powder reconstitution.[36,162] Its superior stabilizing ability is proposed to be associated to its side chain ability to form H-bonds with proteins.[23] However, in aerosolisable formulations of IgG, arginine was not successful in maintaining long-term stability.[16] Additionally, it has also been shown that used alone and in combination with other excipients, arginine was able to stabilize β-galactosidase,[46] catalase, lysozyme,[71] IgG4,[32] BSA[112,113] as well as an attenuated measles[132] and influenza antigen vaccine.[71]
Sensitive determination of arginine based on hydrogen bonding by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2020
l-Arginine is the most basic of amino acids among the synthetic proteins. This property is attributed to the presence of a guanidino group at the end of its side chain.[1] The detection of a concentration of l-arginine is of great significance for biomedical research and food production.[2–6] For the human body, arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid which promotes early growth and development through many mechanisms such as NO and growth hormones.[7,8] During the production process of some traditional fermented foods, such as the production of carcinogen ethyl formate related to arginine, it is also necessary to determine the concentration of arginine.[3,9–11]