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List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Acenaphthene is a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, crystalline solid at ambient temperature. Acenaphthene does not dissolve in water, but is soluble in many organic solvents. Acenaphthene occurs in coal tar produced during high temperature carbonization or coking of coal. It is used as a dye intermediate in the manufacture of some plastics and as an insecticide and fungicide. Acenaphthene is a component of crude oil and a product of combustion that may be produced and released into the environment during natural fires. Emissions from petroleum refining, coal tar distillation, coal combustion, and diesel-fueled engines are major contributors of acenaphthene to the environment. Acenaphthene is an environmental pollutant and has been detected in cigarette smoke, automobile exhausts, and urban air; in effluents from petrochemical, pesticide, and wood preservative industries; and in soils, groundwater, and surface waters at hazardous waste sites. This compound is one of a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the US EPA’s priority pollutant list.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish (fresh and dried) and public health in Nigeria: a systematic review
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Udi Ogheneovoh Emoyoma, Anthoneth Ndidi Ezejiofor, Chiara Frazzoli, Beatrice Bocca, Osazuwa Clinton Ekhator, Amarachi Pascaline Onyena, Godswill J. Udom, Orish Ebere Orisakwe
Higher level of PAH contamination in the southern part of Nigeria than in the North has been revealed by PAHs level comparisons across the various studies against the USEPA-permissible limits. The higher PAHs level observed in the southern states of Nigeria could be a result of the high volume of petroleum-related activities that are characteristic of the zone (Sogbanmu et al. 2019; Okoye et al. 2021; Udofia et al. 2021). Conversely, naphthalene and acenaphthene observed in this study are connected with diverse industrial activities aside crude oil exploration. Acenaphthene is utilised in the production of pigments, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals among other uses (Sogbanmu et al. 2019). The results of PAHs 0.264–0.958 µg kg-1 reported by Ekere et al. (2019) in fish of Rivers Niger and Benue are below the 0.001 μg/g limit set by the WHO. This result is higher than the 17.43 to 70.44 ng/g wet wt reported by Dhananjayan and Muralidharan (2012) in Mumbai, India. However, this result is lower than the 7–28 µg kg-1 reported by Ofori et al. (2021) in the Niger Delta and 11.89–35.02 µg kg-1 reported by Olaniran et al. (2019) in Ogun. This is attributable to the high industrial activities in the Niger Delta and Ogun state.
Comparison of ozone-based AOPs on the removal of organic matter from the secondary biochemical effluent of coking wastewater
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Yuxian Ji, Chunrong Wang, Lei He, Xiaoya Chen, Jianbing Wang, Xian Zhang, Qingbang Du
The total removal rate of PAHs in the O3/UV/H2O2 oxidation process can reach more than 80%, and the concentration of PAHs in the effluent was less than 10 μg L−1. Among the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acenaphthene (ACY) showed the best removal effect, and it had not been detected in the effluent, which indicates that the O3/UV/H2O2 oxidation process has a good removal effect on. The lowest removal efficiency of approximately 50% was for benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF). The removal efficiency of the most toxic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was 68.97%, and the effluent content was 0.018 μg/L, which was lower than the allowable discharge standard of 0.03 μg/L. The removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons before and after the O3/UV/H2O2 process is presented in Table 2. In general, the removal efficiency was the highest for 6-ring PAHs. The lower removal efficiency observed for 5-ring and part of the 4-ring and 3-ring PAHs can be attributed to the intermediates produced by the degradation of the 6-ring PAHs, which is consistent with the results obtained in [52]. Therefore, destroying the cyclic structure of PAHs is the key to their degradation. In addition, the removal rate of PAHs may be related to their initial concentration. Except for dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), having an effect of 78.22%, PAHs with an initial concentration of more than 2.5 μg/L had an advantageous effect of more than 80%. It can be deduced that the initial concentration is another factor affecting the removal efficiency of PAHs.