China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Propylene Production Gap
Published in Marcio Wagner da Silva, Crude Oil Refining, 2023
According to 2019 data from Deloitte, a growth of 4,4% in ethylene demand and 4,1% in propylene demand is expected until 2022. Due to its higher added value and growing consumer market, the production of petrochemical intermediates has become the focus of many refiners and process technologies developers. This scenario is leading to a growing propylene production gap.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Because the primary characteristic of an alkene is the double bond that occurs between two carbons, there are no single-carbon alkenes. The first possible alkene has two carbons with the prefix “eth” and the ending “ene,” and the compound is called ethene. Alkene compounds may also have a “yl” after the prefix. So, ethene may also be called ethylene however, the ene at the end still identifies the compound as a double bonded alkene. Ethylene is a colorless gas with a sweet odor and taste. It is highly flammable with explosive limits of 3%–36% in air. In addition to being flammable, it is also a simple asphyxiant gas. Ethylene is used in the production of other chemicals such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycols ethyl alcohol and others.
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) Technology (Basic Remarks)
Published in K. S. Birdi, Surface Chemistry of Carbon Capture, 2019
Plastics and related industries: The cracking process is used to produce large amounts of ethylene. Ethylene is a building block for a wide variety of consumer products including plastics, polymers, and detergents. Ethylene is produced from cracking hydrocarbons, usually through steam. CO2 is produced both through the generation of heat and from the cracking of hydrocarbons.
Production of olefins from syngas over Al2O3 supported Ni and Cu nano-catalysts
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2019
Fossil fuels such as oil are used not only for electricity production, but also for the production of methanol and ethanol. However, due to increasing oil prices and the political and economic instability of most oil-exporting countries, we cannot have long-term plans for the production of chemicals from oil and other fossil fuels. On the other hand, there are now reliable and suitable alternatives to fossil fuels which are not only used in electricity generation but also can be used to produce chemicals. These alternatives include biomass and bio-gas. Biomass can both be converted to syngas via thermochemical methods and be used to generate electricity in burners. The most important products that can be produced from syngas are methanol, dimethyl ether and light olefins (ethylene and propylene). The light olefins are the most important syngas products, because many of the chemicals are produced from them. For example, ethylene can be used to produce polyethylene, ethylene chloride and ethylene oxide. These materials should be considered as the initial raw materials for the production of plastics, which are used both in road construction and in the textile industry.
Kinetic and reactor performance of a Ni-based catalyst during the production of ethene
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2018
G. Che-Galicia, R. S. Ruiz-Martínez, D. Rios-Morales, J. A. Ayala-Romero, C. O. Castillo-Araiza
Ethene is one of the most important chemical keystones in the petrochemical industry since it is widely used as a feedstock to synthesize polymers, styrene, ethylene oxide, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate monomers, functionalized hydrocarbons (i.e., ethylene dichloride, ethylbenzene, acetaldehyde, and ethanol), and many other products. Ethene is mostly produced by steam cracking of saturated hydrocarbon and, in a lesser extent, by fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons and catalytic dehydrogenation of ethane (Cavani and Trifirò, 1995; Gärtner et al., 2013). However, due to these processes require relatively high temperatures and suffer from coking as well as uncontrollable side reactions, it is imperative to find out competitive technologies to produce ethene. The oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane, in principle, leads to a low energy consumption and low coke and COX by-products, compared to the existing processes (Cavani et al., 2007; Cavani and Trifirò, 1995), however there are yet two challenges for the successful application of the ODH of ethane at industrial level (Cavani et al., 2007). These challenges are, on the one side, the development of an effective catalytic system able to selectively activate ethane toward ethene at relatively low temperatures, and, on the other side, the overall design of the industrial reactor system.