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Other Feedstocks—Coal, Oil Shale, and Biomass
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Coal tar is a byproduct of the carbonization of coal to produce coke and/or natural gas. Physically, coal tar is black or dark brown-colored liquid or a high-viscosity semisolid which is one of the byproducts formed when coal is carbonized (Speight, 2013a). Coal tar usually takes the form of a viscous liquid or semisolid with a naphthalene-like odor. Chemically, coal tar is a complex combination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH, often represented as PNA as well) derivatives, phenol derivatives, heterocyclic oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen compound derivatives. Because of its flammable composition coal tar is often used for fire boilers, in order to create heat. Before any heavy oil flows easily they must be heated.
The reduction of negative impact on environment in the area of coal processing enterprises
Published in Vladimir Litvinenko, Innovation-Based Development of the Mineral Resources Sector: Challenges and Prospects, 2018
V.A. Matveeva, A.E. Isakov, I.P. Sverchkov
Oil products are used in the flotation of coal (petroleum, kerosene, solar oil, Petrov contact liquor, and heavy-end-power distillate). Products of coal processing or coal tar, such as anthracene oil, phenols, naphthalene oil, etc. are used as well.
Effects of Gender, Route of Administration, and Soil on the Bioavailability of Coal Tar Components
Published in Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils, 2018
Skowronski Gloria A., Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman, Rita M. Turkall
We are now reporting on the bioavailability of two polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal tar, namely phenanthrene and naphthalene. Human exposure to coal tar products has been reported to produce skin and lung cancer as well as conjunctivitis, skin erythema, and burning and itching of skin.17 Chu et al.18 investigated the subchronic dermal toxicity of a medium-boiling (bp 154-378°C) coal liquifaction product (CLP) in the rat. The predominant PAH in CLP was phenanthrene, comprising 27 percent w/w of the total chemical composition. Only 3 percent of CLP was composed of naphthalene. Administration of CLP by dermal application in their study caused growth depression, skin irritation, increased microsomal enzyme activity, hematological effects, and histological changes. The most prominent effects caused by CLP were the changes in hematological parameters, which were manifested by decreased hemoglobin, decreased packed cell volume, a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, and an increase in neutrophils.
Flotation of oxidized coal using coal tar as a new collector
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Zili Yang, Qi He, Guohui Chang, Yangchao Xia, Ming Li, Yaowen Xing, Xiahui Gui
In recent years, renewable collectors or collectors extracted from industrial/domestic wastes have gained attention (Xia et al. 2016; Zhu et al. 2020). Coal tar, an industrial by-product produced in coking industry, is a complex mixture comprising hydrocarbons, bitumen, oxygenated compounds, and other substances (Shi et al. 2013). In China, it is estimated that more than 15 million tons of coal tar is produced each year (Li et al. 2010). Moreover, compared with the cost of traditional diesel oil (DO) and kerosene as collectors, coal tar has a low market cost. Based on these factors, coal tar is expected to become a potential substitute for traditional mineral-oil collectors, offering an opportunity for the large-scale upgradation of oxidized coal in the future.