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Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Using Machine/Deep Learning
Published in Archana Mire, Vinayak Elangovan, Shailaja Patil, Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis, 2022
Dania Sadaf, Javeria Amin, Muhammad Sharif, Mussarat Yasmin
Diabetes is a disturbance in metabolism generated mainly by liver disease that in turn causes complications such as foot ulcer and retinopathy (Noor et al. 2015, Qureshi et al. 2016, Amin, Sharif, Rehman, et al. 2018). Throughout the world, at varying ages, approximately 2.8% of people were affected by diabetes in the year 2000 and this level will reach 4.4% by 2030 (Wild et al. 2004). In adults above 18 years, the global occurrence of diabetes was 8.5% in 2014 (Lipsky et al. 2016, World Health Organization 2016). For patients with diabetes, there is about 15–25% chance of eventually developing DFU; without proper care properly, DFU may result in foot or limb amputation (Aguiree et al. 2013). Type 1 diabetes is generated when insulin production is low, causing viral or bacterial infection and resulting in cell damage. In contrast, type 2 diabetes occurs as a result of an increase in blood glucose level because of resistance to insulin that damages organs of the body (Chimen et al. 2012).
Prediction of Diabetes Mellitus Using Machine Learning
Published in Om Prakash Jena, Bharat Bhushan, Nitin Rakesh, Parma Nand Astya, Yousef Farhaoui, Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Efficacy Improvement of Healthcare Systems, 2022
Salliah Shafi Bhat, Gufran Ahmad Ansari
High blood pressure is characterized by the following symptoms as well anxiety, mood swings and weight loss or weight gain and can also be encountered by individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There could also be restlessness and pins and needles in one's arms or legs in people with type 2 diabetes. According to the Diabetes Association, great glycogen practice and experience helps in preventing loss of sensation in someone effected with type 1 diabetes. For several years, many patients with type 2 diabetes will not have side effects and their diagnoses will often develop gradually over time. Some people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms at all and do not find out till complications arise that they will have the condition. To detect hypertension, bloodwork and X-rays are used to search for diabetes. The most widely used measures for assessing whether the patient has the disease or not are oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), A1C Test and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes can't be cured but they can be regulated and treated with special foods, exercise and insulin injections. Hypertension, leg mutilations, retinopathy, cataracts, an elevated risk of liver disease, heart attack and stroke are only a few of the disease's complications [47].
Intelligent Approaches for Developing Knowledge-Based System for Diabetes Diet
Published in Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem, Innovative Smart Healthcare and Bio-Medical Systems, 2020
Ibrahim M. Ahmed, Marco Alfonse, Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem
Diabetes is a serious health problem today. It is the single most important metabolic disease. It can affect nearly every organ system in the body. Diabetics find difficulty to observe a healthy lifestyle in their diets and eating patterns. Treatment of a diabetic requires a strict regimen that typically includes carefully calculated and controlled diet. Type-2 diabetes is becoming more common due to risk factors such as older age, obesity, lack of exercise, family history of diabetes, and heart diseases. Most of the people are unaware that they are at risk of or may even have type-2 diabetes.
Comparative assessment of blood glucose monitoring techniques: a review
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2023
Nivad Ahmadian, Annamalai Manickavasagan, Amanat Ali
Globally, over 90% of diabetic people have type 2 diabetes. Socio-economic, demographic, environmental and genetic factors are mainly responsible for type 2 diabetes. According to the latest estimates of the international diabetes federation (IDF), currently, 537 million people have diabetes with the projection of 643 million by 2030 and 784 million by 2045, causing estimated health expenses of US$966 billion [3]. Data suggests that type 2 diabetes may be prevented, through early diagnosis and its complications can be prevented through access to appropriate care [4]. Early diagnosis of diabetes coupled with effective ongoing diabetes management strategies can minimise the risks of late-stage complications such as blindness, kidney failure, and chronic cardiovascular diseases [5,6]. Proper diet plans, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring and strategic use of anti-diabetic medication can bring diabetes under the control of patients [7]. In order to manage diabetes, patients must keep track of their glucose level at least five times a day through a proper blood glucose monitoring routine [5].
Exposure to heavy metals from point pollution sources and risk of incident type 2 diabetes among women: a prospective cohort analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Michael Hendryx, Juhua Luo, Catherine Chojenta, Julie E. Byles
The prevalence of diabetes is high and increasing around the world. In the US, as of 2015, 30.3 million people (9.4%) had diabetes (ADA 2019). About 1.5 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed among adults in the US in 2015, with about half of these cases among adults aged 45–64 (CDC 2019). Worldwide, the prevalence of diabetes among adults rose from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014 (WHO 2019). The prevalence of diabetes in Australia is also on the rise, with an estimated three-fold increase over the previous three decades (AIHW 2019). Diabetes is a chronic illness that causes serious complications including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, blindness and amputations, and is the 7th leading cause of death in the US and globally (CDC 2019; WHO 2019). Most diabetes in adults is type 2 diabetes. Major causes of type 2 diabetes include poor diet, obesity, physical inactivity and smoking (WHO 2019). However, there is increasing interest in examining the influence that exposures to environmental pollutants may have in the development of type 2 diabetes (Krämer et al. 2010; Bowe et al. 2018).
A dipyrrole derivative from Aloe vera inhibits an anti-diabetic drug target Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP)-IV in vitro
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
C. Prasannaraja, A. S. Kamalanathan, M. A. Vijayalakshmi, Krishnan Venkataraman
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by decreased insulin levels and increased glucose levels in the circulation. Recent data by the International Diabetes Federation indicate that 415 million people have diabetes and this number is predicted to rise to 642 million by 2040.[1] Among the two major types of diabetes (type 1 and type 2), type 2 accounts for more than 90% of all diabetic cases and is responsible for the current diabetes explosion. Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disorder caused by insulin resistance and dysfunctional pancreas. The β-cells of the pancreas play a major role in maintaining the glucose homeostasis and defects in these cells, cannot properly secrete insulin in response to hyperglycemia, leading to diabetes mellitus.[2] Current pharmacological agents such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, and so on are aimed at maintaining glucose homeostasis and these drugs cannot completely cure diabetes and they have various side effects such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, liver, and heart failure.[3,4] Therefore restoration of β-cell mass and its function is of vital importance for an effective therapeutic strategy.