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Design of an Intelligent System for Diabetes Prediction by Integrating Rough Set Theory and Genetic Algorithm
Published in Teena Bagga, Kamal Upreti, Nishant Kumar, Amirul Hasan Ansari, Danish Nadeem, Designing Intelligent Healthcare Systems, Products, and Services Using Disruptive Technologies and Health Informatics, 2023
Shampa Sengupta, Kumud Ranjan Pal, Vivek Garg
Diabetes [2] can occur if the body cannot generate insulin or is unable to use produced insulin properly. Our daily food is broken down into glucose and enters into our bloodstream. Insulin hormone has an important role in our body to metabolise glucose. Today many people are suffering from diabetes mellitus. The causes behind this are lifestyle, age, bad diet, obesity, high blood pressure, etc. Diabetic people have a risk of diseases like vision loss, heart disease, stroke, nerve damage and kidney disease. General symptoms of diabetes are weight loss, increased hunger, extreme fatigue, blurry vision, frequent urination, etc. Diabetes is of three types: type 1 diabetes [3], type 2 diabetes [4] and type 3 diabetes [5], which is called gestational diabetes. Each type of diabetes is caused for different reasons. Non-production of insulin is the main cause behind type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes patients require insulin to inject and are referred as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. Genetics and lifestyle factors causing extra weight are the reasons behind type 2 diabetes, also referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. In type 2 diabetes the patient’s cells are unable to use insulin properly. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause gestational diabetes. Hormones, which are produced by the placenta, make a pregnant woman’s cells almost insensitive to the effects of insulin.
Work stress induced vision impairment in construction
Published in Imriyas Kamardeen, Work Stress Induced Chronic Diseases in Construction, 2021
World Health Organization (2019) estimated that globally at least 2.2 billion people have a vision impairment or blindness. Sabel et al. (2018) considered vision loss irreversible and often progressive, and that affected people experience continuous mental stress, anxiety and depression, resulted from the functional, social and economic restrictions of vision impairment. Eye health conditions such as uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, age-related macula degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, corneal opacity and trachoma are regarded as the immediate medical causes of vision impairment. Recent epidemiological studies have recognised chronic mental stress and associated mental health conditions as significant risk factors for the development and progression of such eye health issues and thereby vision impairment and many other eye problems (Sabel et al. 2018). For instance, Folk (2019) reported a list of eye problems that can be caused by chronic stress, which are: eye movement problems, eye twitching, eye strain, sensitivity to light, tunnel vision, blurred vision and dry eye disease.
Artificial Intelligence
Published in Lawrence S. Chan, William C. Tang, Engineering-Medicine, 2019
A leading cause of blindness in adults is diabetic retinopathy. Retinopathy occurs in untreated type 1 diabetes and can be reduced or delayed with tight control of glucose levels (Nathan 2014). Retinopathy is the degradation of small blood vessels in the retina. Using a special type of photography, called fundus photography, images of these blood vessels can be acquired, see Fig. 9. The degree of retinopathy can be quantified and tracked. At the earliest stages, retinopathy is easily diagnosed with fundus photography while it has no discernable effect on the patient’s vision. At later stages, retinopathy can cause blurred vision, blank areas in the vision field and ultimately complete loss of vision.
Automated microaneurysms detection in retinal images using SSA optimised U-NET and Bayesian optimised CNN
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Worldwide, diabetic retinopathy is considered the primary cause of vision loss. In the early stages of this condition, several anomalies in the fundus images, such as microaneurysms, dot haemorrhages, indications of vascular hyper-permeability, secretions, and capillary closures, can impact the retinal microvasculature (García et al. 2017). The complexity of microaneurysms primarily increases the likelihood of requiring laser photocoagulation (Kar and Maity 2018). Lesions caused by diabetic retinopathy are typically reversible, and the disease progresses slowly in the early stages (Serrano et al. 2018). Identifying patients with pre-condition lesions, primarily microaneurysms, and small blood cells, through recurrent examinations would open up new opportunities for treating retinopathy. Common symptoms of diabetic retinopathy include floating, blurred vision, sudden loss of vision, and flashes (Islam et al. 2017).
An Empirical Comparison between the Effects of Normal and Low Vision on Kinematics of a Mouse-Mediated Pointing Movement
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Yuenkeen Cheong, Chen Ling, Randa Shehab
There are numerous causes of low vision. In many cases, it is pathological. Low vision is often caused by conditions, such as macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (Kraut, 2000). These conditions can result in a host of vision problems. Macular degeneration is a condition caused by deterioration of the central part of the retina that is responsible for visual acuity in central visual field. Cataracts are caused by clouding of the lens. Common cataracts-related conditions include blurred and hazy vision in highly illuminated environments. Glaucoma is caused by pressure buildup inside the eye that damages the optic nerve, which in turn causes loss of peripheral vision. Diabetic retinopathy is caused by leakage in retinal blood vessels. Blurred vision and increased sensitivity to glare are common problems associated with diabetic retinopathy. Note that conditions listed above are not exhaustive; they are only a fraction of conditions associated with low vision.
Design of non-invasive glucose meter using near-infrared technique
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2018
Gameel Saleh, Fatimah Alkaabi, Noor Al-Hajhouj, Fatimah Al-Towailib, Safa Al-Hamza
There are two types of diabetes, people who have been diagnosed with Type I diabetes mellitus show symptoms of frequent urination and excessive thirst. Moreover, severe weight loss appears as another symptom of Type I diabetes along with excessive tiredness [3]. Symptoms of Type II diabetes mellitus include mild thirst, frequent urination, often having mild fatigue and blurred vision. Around 90% of this type occurs in people over 40 years old [4,5]. Monitoring blood glucose level is substantially important in preventing these complications, as well as following a good diet and practice physical exercising regularly.