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Regression Analysis for Prediction of Blood Pressure from Health Parameter
Published in Bharat Bhushan, Nitin Rakesh, Yousef Farhaoui, Parma Nand Astya, Bhuvan Unhelkar, Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Applications, 2022
Blood pressure (BP) is a representative parameter of our overall health and one of the best predictors for illness. Over the world, the high BP is a cause of 7.5 million deaths, which are approximately 12.8% of the overall [1]. High BP or hypertension progresses the major hazard for coronary heart diseases, transient ischemic attack (TIA), dementia (brain disease), kidney damage (nephropathy), hemorrhagic stroke as well as several types of chronic diseases [2]. The low BP or hypotension puts a greater risk of serious health conditions such as unsteadiness, dizziness, fainting and others. For adequate control of BP, a continuous health monitoring system is desired for medical professionals. The proposed study aims to estimate systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from the biometric parameters, i.e., body mass index (BMI), heart rate (HR) as well as age for early detection and diagnosis. Overall, the developed model facilitates the growth of point-of-care (POC) applications.
Clinical Toxicology of Copper
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Mahadev Rao
Symptomatic methemoglobinemia patients should receive methylene blue. This normally happens at the levels of methemoglobin >20%–30%. Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy. Methylene blue promotes the transformation of methemoglobin to hemoglobin by enhancing the enzymatic action of the methemoglobin reductase. The initial dose is 1–2 mg/kg/dose intravenously over 5 min. The dose may be repeated if cyanosis does not disappear within 60 min. Failure of methylene blue treatment indicates an inadequate dose of methylene blue, G-6-PD deficiency, or NADPH-dependent methemoglobin reductase deficiency. Hyperbaric oxygen may be beneficial if methylene blue is ineffective. Hyperbaric oxygen increases the dissolved oxygen that can protect the patient while the body reduces methemoglobin. Another alternative to methylene blue is ascorbic acid, a reducing agent, which can be given 100–500 mg twice daily either orally or intravenously. The hypotensive episodes can be treated with fluids, dopamine, and noradrenaline. For rhabdomyolysis, initial replacement of 4–6 L/day with close monitoring for fluid overload, mannitol (100 mg/day), and urine alkalinization are considerable in the early course of the disease, however, there is no clear evidence for these strategies.
Basic Chemical Hazards to Human Health and Safety — I
Published in Jack Daugherty, Assessment of Chemical Exposures, 2020
Vasodilation. The vasodilators cause blood vessels to expand, lowering the blood pressure (hypotension), and, thus, decreasing the supply of blood to the various organs. Acute hypotension causes shock. Chronic hypotension causes lethargy, general weakness, fatigue, dizziness, and faintness. Calcium channel blockers are well-known vasodilators and are used as medicines to counter hypertension (high blood pressure). Gardner discusses the interrelationship of cAMP, prostaglandins, and calcium. When the heart is subject to hypoxia and ischemia, PGI2 and adenosine are released as vasodilating agents.
The epidemiology and prehospital care of motorcycle crashes in a sub-Saharan African urban center
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020
A. Rosenberg, F. Z. Uwinshuti, M. Dworkin, V. Nsengimana, E. Kankindi, M. Niyonsaba, J. M. Uwitonze, I. Kabagema, T. Dushime, E. Krebs, S. Jayaraman
Demographics, vital signs, injury mechanism, type of injury, and treatment were analyzed for this study. Vital signs included oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Hypoxia was defined as oxygen saturation less than 90%. Tachypnea was defined as a respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute. Hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg. Tachycardia was defined as heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. RTCs were defined as any incident involving a road vehicle, including automobiles, motorcycles, and bicycles. Motorcycle-related RTCs were identified as any crash involving a motorized 2-wheeled vehicle. The SAMU team determined and recorded anatomic location of injury based on their clinical assessment and care during transportation. Additionally, SAMU utilizes a triage system that categorizes each case as “absolute,” “relative,” or “no urgency” based on mechanism, clinical presentation, and vital signs. Transport destinations included referral hospitals (highest level of care), district hospitals (mid-level care), and health centers (primary care). Primary transportation refers to movement of patients to the initial health facility and secondary transportation refers to transfer of patients between health facilities.