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Nanobiomaterials for cancer diagnosis and therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanobiomaterials, 2018
Cecilia Cristea, Florin Graur, Ramona Gălătuş, Călin Vaida, Doina Pîslă, Robert Săndulescu
An interesting configuration of an electrochemical immunoassay using magnetic nanoparticles and carbon-based SPE could be designed to be used as disposable device. At the surface of the nanoparticles could be attached an ELISA like sandwich assay with a primary antibody recognizing the antigen (like MUC1 or CA125) followed by the secondary and the third, labeled antibody that will transform the substrate into a recognizable product (by reduction or oxidation). Their high selectivity and sensitivity as well as the possibility to miniaturize these systems have made possible the utilization of electrochemical immunosensors for in vivo analyses. Some important tumor markers, such as CEA, carcinoma antigen 125 (CA125), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), CA15–3 and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been widely detected for the diagnosis of breast, epithelial ovarian tumors, endometriosis and prostate cancer (Diaconu et al., 2013). They are suitable for assessing the activity and complications of the disease and for monitoring therapy in the tumor prevention stage, as well as for the follow-up examination during therapy. In the management of cancer patients, they are also used in noninvasive tests for relapse detection (Magdelenat et al., 1992). Thus, the detection of tumor marker levels in human serum is absolutely necessary in clinical assay (Lin et al., 2005).
Detecting collagen fibrils’ structure in ovarian cancer using second harmonic generation microscopy
Published in Khaled Habib, Elfed Lewis, Frontier Research and Innovation in Optoelectronics Technology and Industry, 2018
Jun-Fang Wu, Xi-Da Li, Chao Li
Although screening tests are usually used to detect disease, there is no effective screening test for ovarian cancer. The two tests used most often to screen for ovarian cancer are Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS) and the cancer antigen (CA)-125. TVUS can help to find a mass in the ovary, but most of the masses found are not cancer. CA-125 is used as a tumor marker. Levels of CA-125 in many ovarian cancer patients are high, while a high CA-125 level is more often caused by other conditions.
Recent Advances in Diagnosis: Nano-Based Approach
Published in Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava, Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava
Enzymes are the catalysts of biological origin, which regulates biological metabolism. They are also used as tumor markers for cancer diagnosis (Ludwig and Weinstein, 2005). Among the different classes of enzymes, isozymes, despite having a different amino acid sequence, catalyze the same chemical reaction. Isozymes also differ in their immunogenicity, kinetic parameters, and other regulatory properties, etc.
A microfluidic system based on the monoclonal antibody BCMab1 specifically captures circulating tumor cells from bladder cancer patients
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Yunchao Wang, Qing Liu, Tongyi Men, Ye Liang, Haitao Niu, Jianning Wang
To ensure prompt and specific capture of circulating bladder cancer cells, this system uses the monoclonal bladder cancer antibody BCMab1, which was developed by Zusen Fan and his group [17]. BCMab1 recognizes the aberrantly glycosylated subunit a3 of integrin a3b1, a novel bladder tumor marker that is only expressed in human bladder tumor cells and shows a positive correlation with tumor staging and the pathological grade of bladder cancer. In addition, the epitope recognized by BCMab1 reflects the clinical severity and prognosis of bladder cancers. Therefore, this antibody is especially suitable for capturing circulating bladder cancer cells when used as a component in a microfluidic chip. In our study, tumor cell capture using a system coated with this monoclonal antibody is 90% efficient.
Clinical role of fluorescence imaging in colorectal surgery - an updated review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Amandeep Ghuman, Sandra Kavalukas, Stephen P. Sharp, Steven D. Wexner
The NIR spectrum (700–1,000 nm) can penetrate into tissue up to 10 mm [1]. This technology also minimizes auto-fluorescence of the surrounding tissue in cases where discrete tumor nodules or lymph node visualization is desired. A fluorescent agent, or fluorophore, must be present in the tissue and an imaging system (handheld, laparoscopic, robotic, or endoscopic cameras) with the capability to detect the agent is required. The two most common intravenously utilized fluorophores are methylene blue (MB) and indocyanine green (ICG). Additionally, novel tumor marker-specific fluorophores are being investigated for purposes of cancer detection.