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Controlled Drug Delivery in Photodynamic Therapy and Fluorescence-Based Diagnosis of Cancer
Published in Mary-Ann Mycek, Brian W. Pogue, Handbook of Biomedical Fluorescence, 2003
Conventional treatment strategies in oncology-related fields range from surgery to radiation therapy to chemotherapy. Each of these strategies has limitations in providing the final goal: complete cure or at least satisfactory management of the disease that does not impede the quality of life. The greatest chance for complete cure is offered when therapy is performed at an early stage of disease progression. Surgical resection is often limited by the ability to identify and remove entirely the tumor and neighboring already transformed tissue areas. These remaining neoplastic cells may proliferate again and cause recurrence. Furthermore, surgery is often not effective against metastatic tumors that may have migrated from the site of the primary tumor. In some cases, effective removal of sufficient quantities of the surrounding healthy tissue ensuring the removal of all cancerous cells is limited. In the surgical removal of glioblastomas, for example, the surgeon would probably not be as aggressive as necessary in order to maintain as many functions as possible.
Solid tumors: biochemical overview and mechanical modeling
Published in Benjamin Loret, Fernando M. F. Simões, Biomechanical Aspects of Soft Tissues, 2017
Benjamin Loret, Fernando M. F. Simões
Oncology (oncos=cluster) is the branch of medicine that addresses tumors (=swollen zones), including the study of their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. In French, the two terms “oncologie” and “cancérologie” are synonymous. The neoplasm or tumor tissue is the abnormal tissue that grows abnormally fast with respect to normal cells. Let us begin by clinical observations and data.
A multi-responsive targeting drug delivery system for combination photothermal/chemotherapy of tumor
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Yuanyuan Yang, Siqi Wu, Qinlin Zhang, Zhaoxia Chen, Caixia Wang, Sijing Jiang, Yuhong Zhang
In the last few decades, traditional chemotherapy as one of the staples of oncology, has been recognized as a promising cancer therapeutic modality. However, it is difficult to realize the specific distribution of drugs by intravenous injection during the systemic treatment of chemotherapy, resulting in low bioavailability and strong side effects [1, 2]. Therefore, developing nano-drug delivery systems (DDSs) to precisely deliver drugs at tumor sites and release drugs under the stimulation of the tumor microenvironment has become the important direction for improving chemotherapy effect [3]. Benefiting from the passive targeting of "enhanced permeability and retention" (EPR) effect [4] and the active targeting of modified tumor recognized molecules [5, 6], the size-controllable nanocarriers are easily enriched in the tumor area, which greatly improve the drug concentration and biosafety. At present, a series of multifunctional DDSs have been researched as tumor diagnosis and treatment reagents [7, 8], including mesoporous silicon [9, 10], liposomes [11, 12], gold nanoparticles [13] and other novel materials [14].
Insights of ethyl acetate fraction from Vassobia breviflora in multidrug-resistant bacteria and cancer cells: from biological to therapeutic
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Altevir Rossato Viana, Nathieli Bianchin Bottari, Daniel Santos, Marissa Bolson Serafin, Bruna Garlet Rossato, Rafael Noal Moresco, Katianne Wolf, Aline Ourique, Rosmari Hörner, Érico Marlon de Moraes Flores, Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger, Bruno Stefanello Vizzotto, Luciana Maria Fontanari Krause
Indeed, the efficacy of chemotherapy is a major challenge in clinical oncology. Once multidrug resistance is characterized by cross-resistance of cancer cells to a broad range of anticancer drugs with distinct structures and different mechanisms of action (Gottesman 2002). This obstacle is particularly important since the majority of anticancer drugs have a narrow therapeutic window with a small difference between the dose required to achieve a therapeutic effect and induction of untoward toxicity (Assaraf et al. 2019). Another serious problem for the global health community is the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, potentiating the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria (Minski et al. 2021). In addition to bacterial metabolites being suspected to increase the risk of cancer, Helicobacter pylori was the first bacterium suggested by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Parsonnet 1995) to produce cancer in humans. It is becoming clear that chronic infections initiated by Salmonella typhi, Bartonella spp. Lawsonia intracellularis and Citrobacter rodentium might induce cell proliferation, and consequently produce some neoplasms (Lax and Thomas 2002).
Investigation of occupational safety in oncology nurses
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Derya Çınar, Ayfer Karadakovan
The population of this study is 840 nurses who are working in oncology units (medical oncology, radiation oncology, radiotherapy unit, outpatient chemotherapy unit) and actively registered to the Oncology Nurses Association in Turkey. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic process, face-to-face interviews could not be realized with the participants, so they were invited to the research via mail. In the sample of the study, no sample selection was made and an online questionnaire was sent to the 840 nurses who are members of the Oncology Nurses Association. The sample of the study consisted of 117 (14%) oncology nurses who voluntarily participated in the study and filled out the questionnaire completely. Before the study, informed consent was obtained from the participants by explaining the purpose of the research.