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Pharmaceutical Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Schuyler A Pruyn, Mehdi Rajabi, Mary Adeyeye, Shaker A. Mousa
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) refers to a group of cytokines that can cause cell death (apoptosis) but it has limited application due to side effects. To reduce these, TNF protein can be conjugated onto NPs, which then can be bonded to its antibody (anti-TNF). DIVEMA has been conjugated with TNF-α to effectively increase antitumor activity in vivo with reduced side effects [88]. Synthesis of DIVEMA-TNF-α can be controlled by the addition of 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride, which binds to or separates from amino groups when the pH is changed. Studies have shown that neither DIVEMA alone nor a mixture of DIVEMA and TNF-α produced antitumor activity with intravenous administration, and that the increase in antitumor potency of TNF-α is most likely caused by covalent conjugation with DIVEMA [89].
Pharmaceutical Applications of Water-Soluble Polymers in Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Schuyler A Pruyn, Mehdi Rajabi, Mary Adeyeye, Shaker A. Mousa
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) refers to a group of cytokines that can cause cell death (apoptosis) but it has limited application due to side effects. To reduce these, TNF protein can be conjugated onto NPs, which then can be bonded to its antibody (anti-TNF). DIVEMA has been conjugated with TNF-α to effectively increase antitumor activity in vivo with reduced side effects [88]. Synthesis of DIVEMA-TNF-α can be controlled by the addition of 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride, which binds to or separates from amino groups when the pH is changed. Studies have shown that neither DIVEMA alone nor a mixture of DIVEMA and TNF-α produced antitumor activity with intravenous administration, and that the increase in antitumor potency of TNF-α is most likely caused by covalent conjugation with DIVEMA [89].
Design, Synthesis, and Studies of Novel Piperidine Substituted Triazine Derivatives as Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Agents
Published in Cristobal N. Aguilar, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Biodiversity, 2019
The cytokines are intercellular messengers accountable for mass defense mechanisms as inflammatory, immune, and hematogenic responses. While numerous of them are transient, produced by a variety of cells acting as insistent response mediators in cases of invasive interventions. The Interference of this biological resistance mechanism and constant extreme cytokine production contributes to pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are the two key multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokines, occupied in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, cancer diseases, neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and cardiovascular during a sequence of cytokine signaling pathways by Papadakis et al.19 The most important type pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α is a huge number of biological activities associated to pathology of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA),20 Crohn’s disease,21 systemic lupus erythematosus,22 and multiple sclerosis,23 and septic shock.24 Alternatively, Dominic et al. revealed that, integral role of cytokine interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease suggests that it could be an important therapeutic target. Currently, available treatments target interleukin-I and tumor necrosis factor-α and its receptors and have been only partially successful.25
Characterization of the novel anti-TNF-α single-chain fragment antibodies using experimental and computational approaches
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Samira Pourtaghi-Anvarian, Samin Mohammadi, Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud, Ali Akbar Alizadeh, Siavoush Dastmalchi
Although TNF-α participates in a variety of physiological processes, in pathophysiological levels TNF-α is associated with the progress of different inflammatory diseases.[4,7] Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two most common examples of inflammatory conditions where the key role of TNF-α has been confirmed.[8] Due to the crucial role of pathological levels of TNF-α, this key cytokine has attained much attraction to be targeted in inflammatory diseases. The biological activity of TNF-α can be inhibited using different strategies, among which antibodies have been considered excellent candidates to treat patients suffering from high levels of TNF-α.[9] Currently, there are some antibodies such as Infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol (CIMZIA®), which are being used in the clinic for TNF-α inhibition.[10] The use of these anti-TNF-α antibodies are greatly accepted in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, however, the drawbacks regarding their high production cost, immunogenicity, low clearance rate, and stability have adversely affected their reputation among the target population.[8b,11]
Evaluating the cytotoxicity of tin dioxide nanofibers
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Ashley S. Reynolds, Tanya H. Pierre, Rebecca McCall, Ji Wu, Worlanyo E. Gato
To further examine the effects of SnDNFs on A549 cells, the expression of key inflammatory genes were quantified. There has not been much research on the gene expression in A549 cells exposed to SnDNFs. After completing PCR, it appears that both inflammatory genes and apoptotic genes were expressed. The genes for IL-7, IL-21 and TNFα were over-expressed in cells that were treated with SnDNF. IL-7 (interleukin 7), is a cytokine involved in B-cell and T-cell formation. IL-7 can play a role in lymphoid cell survival and could have effects on cancer.[15] IL-7 also has anti-tumor effects leading to the potential of decreasing cancer cell development. Therefore, an overexpression of this gene could show a decrease in cancer cell growth.[15] Similarly, IL-21 is a cytokine involved in immune response. This protein also plays a role in antitumor T-cell immunity.[16] Overexpression of IL-21 would exhibit increased formation of T-cells that provide protection from cancerous cells. TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor, is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The overexpression of TNF- α could imply cells are undergoing increased inflammation, or increased apoptosis.[17]
Silver nanoparticles reduce the apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2018
Alaa Fehaid, Akiyoshi Taniguchi
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine and is usually detected in the early stage of cell inflammation. TNFα has many known signal transduction pathways such as NF-kB activation [14], MAPK activation [15], and the induction of cell death [16]. Moreover, TNFα induces apoptosis through the production of reactive oxygen species [17] and by activating caspase [18]. So, in this study, we used TNFα to induce apoptosis in lung epithelial cells and study the effect of AgNPs on the TNFα-induced apoptosis.