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Photoacoustic Tomography: A New Imaging Technology for Inflammatory Arthritis
Published in Lihong V. Wang, Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy, 2017
Xueding Wang, David L. Chamberland, Paul L. Carson, J. Brian Fowlkes
Rheumatic inflammatory joint diseases encompass many pathological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, which include psoriatic arthritis, arthropathy associated with inflammatory bowel disease, reactive arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis as well as arthropathies of other connective tissue diseases such as lupus. Chronic inflammatory diseases afflict millions of people across the world leading to untold suffering, economic loss, and premature death. For example, 1–3% of the population in America is affected by rheumatoid arthritis, the most common human type of inflammatory arthritis, and 80% of patients are disabled after 20 years [1,2]. Although inflammatory arthritis is serious, potentially crippling, and commonly disabling, comprehensive diagnosis and optimized therapies of these disorders are hindered by lack of cost efficient and powerful joint imaging technologies.
Serum substance P level as a marker for subclinical rheumatoid arthritis activity
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Shimaa Borham Mohamed, Mohammed Fouad Elkenawy, Tamer Omar Elsaid, Ghada El-Saeed Mashaly
A case–control study was carried on 60 rheumatoid arthritis patients fulfilled the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 2010 [15] attended to the outpatient clinics of the rheumatology & rehabilitation department at Mansoura University Hospital, and 30 healthy controls who attended to blood bank served as the control group. The study was conducted over a 12-month period, from November 2018 to October 2019. Both the patients and the controls were over the age of 18. Demographic data and clinical data including duration of illness, results of rheumatoid factor, c reactive protein and anticyclic citrullinated peptide laboratory tests were collected from patient’s files. Demographic data of the studied groups are presented in table 1. According to the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) score, rheumatoid arthritis patients were split into two groups based on their level of RA activity. Clinical evaluation of tender and swollen joints was performed. The DAS28 score, which incorporates the swollen joint count (SJC) and tender joint count, was used to measure the severity of the disease (TJC), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the patient’s and physician’s global assessment of activity on the visual analogue scale (VAS).
Effect of crystallizer design and operational parameters on the batch crystallization of ibuprofen I: experimental
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2022
Achyut Pakhare, Channamallikarjun Mathpati, Vishwanath H. Dalvi, Jyeshtharaj Joshi, Raosaheb Patil, Ekambara Kalekudithi
Crystallization is a unit operation extensively used in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries [1]. Crystal size and morphology of the product strongly affect the downstream processes such as filtration and drying [2]. Also, crystal morphology influences the flowability, packing, compaction, syringability, suspension stability, bioavailability, and dissolution characteristics of a drug powder [3]. Ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug, is extensively used for the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis, fever, etc. Ibuprofen exhibit different crystal morphology in different solvents, as well as the size and aspect ratio, affect the flowability. The poor flowability affects the downstream operations in commercial manufacturing processes. These problems can be addressed at the crystallization step.
Sustainable plant-based bioactive materials for functional printed textiles
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
Alka Madhukar Thakker, Danmei Sun
The ‘Ayur vastra’ textile and clothing can enhance the skin’s capability to perform as an obstruction to outdoor and ecological pollutants, thereby enhancing the wearer’s well-being. The healing is attributed to plant phytochemical’s entrapped in naturally processed fabrics. The traditional Ayurvedic healing mechanism is clinically explained here, wherein the ministry of health, Kerala state government, India, initiated a 6-month study. Marked improvement was observed in healing blood disorders, skin ailments, arthritis, and rheumatism with Ayurvastra (herbal processed fabrics). Ayurveda identifies seven layers of the skin. They are ‘Avabhasini, Lohita, Shweta, Tamra, Vedini, Rohini and Mamsadhara’. The ‘fourth layer, Tamra’, maintenance the immune system. It acts as a barrier. Skin toxicities reflect a disparity in this layer. ‘Ayur vastra’ provides a protective material layer next to the skin and prevents infections. An example is cited in Figure 13 (Saharan & Rani, 2015).