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Phytoconstituent-Loaded Nanomedicines for Arthritis Management
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Syed Salman Ali, Snigdha Bhardwaj, Najam Ali Khan, Syed Sarim Imam, Chandra Kala
Arthritis is not a single disease. It is joint inflammation. A joint may be referred as a point or junction where two bones join together. The edge of the bone is protected with a layer of tissue generally called cartilage (Harris et al., 1990; Semerano et al., 2016). This disease involves the breakdown of cartilage. Cartilage protects the joint and allows it move smoothly. Symptoms of this disease are joint pain, redness, swelling, stiffness. Arthritis occurs when the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissue and cause inflammation. It leads to painful swelling in joints (Yarwood et al., 2016; Ruiz-Esquide et al., 2012; Okada et al., 2014). Osteoarthritis called degenerative joint disease as the shedding of the cartilage occurs at bone joints when rub together, resulting in pain, stiffness, and other symptoms (Majithia et al., 2007; Siddiqui et al., 2011). RA is a chronic disease it can affect many parts of body. RA is marked by symmetrical, peripheral polyarthritis, due to an inflammatory response that affects joints in the hands, feet, and wrists in particular (Erin et al., 2008; Pham et al., 2011). Similarly, ankylosing spondylitis refers to inflammation of the spinal joints. Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, commonly indicative with plaque-type lesions on elbows, knees, and scalp. Generally, patients with psoriasis, (up to 30%) also develop psoriatic arthritis, in which, in addition to skin lesions, inflammation predominantly affects joints in the hands and in the spine (Firestein et al., 2003; Rathore et al., 2007). The pathogenesis of RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis seem to be as multifactorial and involves causes such as genetic predisposition, reactivity to external pathogens and inappropriate activation of the immune system in the process (Afeltra et al., 2001; Alexandros et al., 2011) (Figure 8.1).
Designing for Hand and Wrist Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Psoriatic arthritis, characterized by inflammation of the skin (psoriasis) and the joints, also causes pain and impedes hand and wrist function. Adaptive aids and wrist splints (Mease, 2008) that look much like the molded CMC splint in Figure 7.2, but extend from the hand to the mid-forearm, can help alleviate pain.
An image-based method to measure joint deformity in inflammatory arthritis: development and pilot study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Travis F. Henchie, Ellen M. Gravallese, Todd L. Bredbenner, Karen L. Troy
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic inflammatory diseases occurring in patients with autoimmune disorders and psoriasis (Gladman, 2009; Cantini et al., 2010; Schett and Gravallese, 2012). A combination of mechanical stress and inflammation in individuals with PsA results in the formation of periosteal bone growth (osteophytes or enthesophytes) at tendon/ligament insertion sites, and articular erosions within the joints (Frank, 1998; Cantini et al., 2010; Simon et al., 2015). Erosion formation typically occurs in early disease at the proximal enthesis, but in later stages, spur formation occurs at the distal end of the ligament attachment site (McGonagle et al., 2015). The frequency and size of the abnormalities and the number of affected joints are associated with poor clinical outcomes (Schett and Gravallese, 2012). Some individuals exhibit extremely destructive and disfiguring forms of the disease with erosions and periosteal bone formation leading to disability (Gladman et al., 1987; Duarte et al., 2012). The metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand are common areas for bone changes. Because these changes are irreversible (Solomon et al., 2017), earlier detection and prevention may lead to improved patient care.
Case series: rheumatological manifestations attributed to exposure to Libby Asbestiform Amphiboles
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Roger Diegel, Brad Black, Jean C. Pfau, Tracy McNew, Curtis Noonan, Raja Flores
The patient was diagnosed with psoriasis in 1980 and then developed psoriatic arthritis. He was treated with non-steroidal medications and methotrexate; then in 2011, etanercept was added to the methotrexate. By 2014, etanercept and methotrexate combination became less effective, and etanercept was switched to Simponi in 2015, and he continued with the methotrexate. In the spring of 2015, the patient developed elevated lymphocyte counts and was diagnosed with CLL, and a monoclonal B cell population was seen on flow cytometry. The patient’s PAML ANA test was negative with a negative CCP antibody in July 2013. However, subsequent testing revealed a positive ANA with a titer of 1:1280.
A review of use errors reported in human factor validation studies of biological combination products
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2021
Ronak Patel, Miten Mehta, Meghana Dahiya, Vinu Jose
These 39 devices were approved for following disease conditions: diabetes (11 devices), psoriasis (12 devices), rheumatoid arthritis (6 device), adult Crohn’s disease, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ulcerative colitis (5 devices), hypercholesterolaemia (4 devices), migraine (3 devices), multiple sclerosis (3 devices), atopic dermatitis (1 device), hypothyroidism (1 device), neutropenia (1 device), osteoporosis (1 device), and phenylketonuria (1 device).