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Radiation-induced lung disease
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Max M Weder, M Patricia Rivera
There are currently no commonly available laboratory tests that predict the development of radiation pneumonitis reliably. The inflammatory state may be reflected by mild leucocytosis, elevated sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Elevated pro-calcitonin levels are highly specific for systemic bacterial infections which may help to distinguish radiation pneumonitis from bacterial pneumonia. Serum KL-6, a mucinous high-molecular-weight glycoprotein, is highly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells and type 2 pneumocytes. It has been found that elevated KL-6 levels correspond with the development of radiation pneumonitis.30 So far, experience with KL-6 levels in this setting is still limited, and this test has not become part of the routine laboratory repertoire. Elevated KL-6 levels are also found in other interstitial lung diseases, but are usually normal in patients with bacterial pneumonia.
Review on Imaging Features for COVID-19
Published in S. Prabha, P. Karthikeyan, K. Kamalanand, N. Selvaganesan, Computational Modelling and Imaging for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, 2021
COVID-19 patients may be asymptomatic; sometimes a suspected patient is a confirmed patient who was analysed with a molecular test. Coronavirus is diagnosed by molecular tests on respiratory or stool samples; severe cases are detected from blood. The other diagnosis methods for COVID-19 are platelet count, white cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), which are non-specific. If the white cell count is less than 1,000, a severe disease called lymphopenia is present. CRP and ESR are the oldest blood tests used to analyse inflammation in the body. Generally these tests are used for determining elevated high procalcitonin level which leads to bacterial co-infection (Singhal, 2020).
Two mixed-ligand Cu(II) coordination polymers: treatment on neonatal septic infections by reducing the serum procalcitonin production
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Ting Fan, Li Ye, Haiqing Jiang, Hongbing Wang, Dan He, Jun Zhang, Chun Liu
Neonatal septic infections are a type of serious infectious diseases common to newborns. Exacerbation of infections will cause respiratory failure and multi-system tracheal failure in children, which are a serious threat to the safety of newborns.[1,2] The early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis can provide valuable guidance for the design of clinical treatment plans. When the body products inflammatory reaction due to pathogen infection, a large amount of serum procalcitonin (PCT) will be produced under the stimulation of bacterial toxins and inflammatory factors, so it can be used as a reference index for the body’s inflammatory response.[3]
Risk factors, diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Syed S. Ahmed, Fahima Begum, Babar Kayani, Fares S. Haddad
Procalcitonin (PCT) is also a potential biomarker, for exhibiting greater specificity than other pro-inflammatory markers. PCT is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin, that rises in response to a pro-inflammatory stimulus, notably of bacterial origin. A meta-analysis comparing of IL-6 with PCT showed IL-6 to have a higher diagnostic value than PCT for the diagnosis of PJI. Moreover, the specificity of the IL-6 test is higher than its sensitivity. PCT was therefore not recommended for use as a rule-out diagnostic tool for PJI [18].