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Microbial Biotechnology
Published in Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olawole O. Obembe, Ifeoma Maureen Ezeonu, Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Microbiomes and Emerging Applications, 2022
Olawole O. Obembe, Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, O. S. Aworunse, Nneka R. Agbakoba
Probiotics are living organisms, which, when administered to a host, can exert beneficial health effects by improving gut microbial balance. Probiotics play an essential role in promoting and alleviating infectious diseases. They are mostly harmless for human ingestion with limited reported cases of adverse events. There has been a long history of human consumption of probiotics even without attaching any importance to it, such as the case of using lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in fermenting foods and drinks. The most common bacteria found in probiotic products include Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, Streptococci, strains of genera like Bacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Propionibacterium, and the fungus of genera Saccharomyces.
Targeted Intestinal Delivery of Probiotics
Published in Emmanuel Opara, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, 2020
Kevin Enck, Emmanuel Opara, Alec Jost
Probiotics are, by definition, live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host. This is the characterization given by the Food and Agriculture Association of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO).1 Within our gastrointestinal tract (GIT) we have ~1014 microbes that make up an ecosystem of both beneficial and harmful functions that is known as the microbiome or microbiota.2,3 This is an order of magnitude higher than the number of cells that make up the human body (~1013), which illustrates the scale and complexity of the microbiome. Researchers are just now beginning to understand how these bacteria function and the role they play in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and others. This review will discuss this role and show how probiotics may work to treat or prevent these diseases, as well as current barriers to successful use of probiotics, in addition to approaches to overcome those barriers, and lastly we will describe innovation technologies that may improve the targeted delivery for these probiotics.
Nanoprobiotics: Progress and Issues
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Probiotics, a type of nutraceutical, are the live microbes that provide beneficial health benefits on a host cell when taken in adequate amounts. Probiotics have many benefits on the health of humans and play an important role in the process of digestion (Guhannath et al., 2014). Nanoencapsulation technology implemented to formulate designer probiotic bacterial preparations can transport the probiotic bacteria encapsulated within them to the body parts, for example, the gastro-intestinal tract. These get to interact with specific receptors and show effective results. The designer nanoprobiotics may work as de novo vaccines by modifying the immune response. These were also found to be quite effective in supplementing various therapies like gastrointestinal infections and irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, evaluating various aspects of probiotics could be interesting and highly challenging. Thus, this chapter is designed with the main aim to explore the use of nanonutraceuticals, specifically probiotics, for their significant health benefits and role in disease management.
Novel hydroxyectoines based formulations are suitable for preserving viability of Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Levilactobacillus brevis SP-48 and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 during freeze-drying and storage, and in simulated gastrointestinal fluids
Published in Drying Technology, 2023
Azza Dabous, Sergio D’ambrosio, Donatella Cimini, Chiara Schiraldi
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.[4] In general, probiotics are orally administered and are commercially available in the form of functional foods, dietary supplements, and drugs. To be commercially available, high biomass yields need to be produced by large scale fermentations, by providing suitable nutrients and controllable growing conditions convenient for each specific strain. The resulting concentrated biomass is dried to obtain a bacterial powder ready for long-term preservation and consumption.[5] It is mandatory to preserve probiotic cultures during processing for ensuring long-term delivery of viable and effective cultures for their formulation and use. To achieve the health and functional benefits the recommended minimum effective dose per day is 108–109 cells and the viable cell number of probiotics in a product should be at least 106 CFU/g at the expiry date.[6]
Preparation of Saccharomyces boulardii powder by spray drying: thermoprotectants optimization and stability evaluation
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Guowei Shu, Bohao Li, Chunji Dai, Li Chen, Xin Yang, Zhangteng Lei, Meng Zhang, Yuliang Guo
Probiotics are “live microorganisms,” which are good for human health when consumed in sufficient quantities.[1] In addition to the possibility of preventing and improving the process of digestive disorders, probiotics may also act as an adjuvant in the therapy of metabolic disorders and play a beneficial role in allergic disorders.[2] The intake of probiotics has a variety of benefits to the human body such as strengthening the intestinal lining, which serves as barrier to invading organisms, boosting the immune system as well as increasing the growth and proliferation of normal flora.[3,4] Common products include single or multiple strain of probiotic capsules, live cultured probiotic beverages as well as many food products. Probiotic used by human body should survive in target location to provide benefits while avoiding pathogenic effects.[5,6] To vigorously develop dairy-based functional foods containing a large number of active probiotics, cultures not only required to be able to grow in the dairy-based media but also need maintain viable and characteristics of the probiotic food product in the process of production and storage (shelf-life).[7]
Novel freeze-drying matrix for enhancing viability of probiotic supplemented milkshake during simulated in vitro digestion
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2022
Chakravarthy Muninathan, Megavarshini Poompozhilan, Srisowmeya Guruchandran, Adithya Jairam Viswanath Kalyan, Nandhini Devi Ganesan
Probiotics can be referred to live microbes intended for human consumption in adequate amounts for health benefits. Probiotics are rich in fermented products like curd, buttermilk, yogurt, cheese, kombucha, etc. The limitations of sensorial unacceptability of fermented foods anticipate fresh non-fermented foods with probiotic benefits. The increasing recognition for probiotics in the recent past has increased the studies on various probiotic organisms, prebiotic compounds and strategies to improve their efficiency.[1] However, manufacturers are supposed to declare and ensure that at least 106–107 CFU/mL viable probiotic cells are present at the time of consumption to ensure desired benefits. The major challenges confronted in maintaining the probiotic count in the finished product is the food processing conditions and storage factors exhibiting deteriorating effect on the nutrients and viable cell count. Other post-consumption factors resulting in probiotic loss include oxidative stress and the non-availability of supporting food matrix to withstand gastrointestinal stress.[2] To increase microbial management in the gastrointestinal tract, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics is anticipated. In such synbiotic formulations, the medium should protect cells from adverse conditions, gastro-intestinal stress and extend storage stability which is dependent on the properties of the matrix and the encapsulation method employed.[3]