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Phototoxicity of Topical and Systemic Agents
Published in Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach, Health Risk Assessment, 2017
Francis N. Marzulli, Howard I. Maibach
Coal-tar derivatives, another important group of phototoxic agents, produce occupational contact photodermatitis in industrial workers and road workers. Anthraquinone-based disperse blue 35 dye caused such effects in dye process workers. Radiation in the visible spectrum activates the dye (Gardiner et al., 1974). Pyrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene are strongly phototoxic in guinea pigs (Kochevar et al., 1982).
The impact of formulation variables on the optimization of pilot scale clobetasol 17-propionate creams
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Ayeshah Fateemah Beebee Fauzee, Roderick Bryan Walker
CP is one of the most potent topical corticosteroids that is commercially available on the South African market (Fauzee, 2011). It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic, vasoconstrictive, immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative properties and has been found to be useful for the treatment of chronic skin conditions such as severe psoriasis, eczema, extreme photodermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis particularly in patients infected with HIV/AIDS (Gordon, 1998). CP is usually formulated as cream, ointment, scalp solution, gel, and more recently as foam, emollient cream, and nanoparticle formulations (Tsai, 2001). The effect of formulation variables on the optimization of pilot scale CP cream formulations was investigated using CCD with RSM in order to ensure the manufacture of stable cream formulations using an appropriate combination of excipients. The utility of applying experimental design to evaluation of the impact of formulation variables on product performance was investigated and applied to identify a composition design space for this pilot scale formulation.