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Synthesis of Bioactive Peptides for Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Jaison Jeevanandam, Ashish Kumar Solanki, Shailza Sharma, Prabir Kumar Kulabhusan, Sapna Pahil, Michael K. Danquah
Various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are associated with skin infections and drug-resistant biofilms formations. It has been reported that the human antimicrobial peptide named cathelicidin (LL-37), conjugated with silver nanoparticles inhibits skin infections and controls biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Fungal infections of oral cavity, including oral candidiasis were also reported to be curable with low dosages of AMP (Xia et al., 2017). The short synthetic bioactive peptides RRIKA and RR are found to be a potential microbial growth inhibition agent by the disruption of pore formation and bacterial membranes. Further, these peptides were also effective against clinical and drug-resistant isolates of S. aureus that cause skin infections (Pfalzgraff et al., 2018). A peptide (HPA3NT3) isolated from Helicobacter pylori exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes-mediated skin acne. Numerous modified lipopeptides such as Lauryl-KPV-NH2, Palmitoyl-KPV-NH2, and Palmitoyl-KH-NH2 were also described to be efficient in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, acne vulgaris, candidiasis, and atopic dermatitis (Kang et al., 2017). Recently, two AMPs, namely, Indolicidin and LL-37, were reported to reduce the spread of Herpes Simplex Virus I, which is responsible for fever blisters and cold sores in the face and mouth (Piotrowska et al., 2017).
Unlocking further understanding of the atomization mechanism of a pressurized metered dose inhaler
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2022
B. J. Myatt, H. K. Versteeg, G. K. Hargrave, E. J. Long, B. Gavtash, D. A. Lewis, T. Church, G. Brambilla
Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are self-contained drug delivery devices for controlling symptoms of asthma and COPD (Stein and Thiel 2017). In Europe, 48% of inhaled medications sold between 2002 and 2008 were pMDIs (Myrdal, Sheth, and Stein 2014) and a recent estimation suggests that 262 million people suffer from asthma worldwide (World Health Organisation 2021). Drug particles with mass median aerodynamic diameter in the range of 0.5 to 5 µm are required for lung deposition (Stahlhofen, Rudolf, and James 1989) and effective bronchodilator treatment (Shekunov et al. 2007; Ivey, Vehring, and Finlay 2015). These are produced in large quantities by pMDIs, but a substantial proportion of the drug dose is known to deposit in the oral cavity. This reduces drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic effectiveness (Everard 2000; Newman 2005) and can result in side effects, such as oral candidiasis, dysphonia, bronchospasm, and systemic exposure (Yarbrough, Mansfield, and Ting 1985). Poor patient coordination with the pMDI device is partly responsible for oropharyngeal drug deposition, but other leading causes are the presence of very large non-respirable droplets in pMDI aerosols, as well as high spray plume velocities leading to inertial impaction and turbulent diffusion (Stein and Gabrio 2000; Lewis 2007). Little is known about the factors that are responsible for these aerosol characteristics.
Novel 3D printing-based probe for impedance spectroscopic examination of oral mucosa: design and preliminary testing with phantom models
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2020
Shekh Emran, Kimmo Laitinen, Reijo Lappalainen, Sami Myllymaa
Most oral malignancies are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). OSCCs are thought to progress from potentially malignant lesions, beginning as hyperplastic tissue and developing into an invasive squamous cell carcinoma [5]. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) refer to all epithelial lesions and conditions with an increased risk for malignant transformation [6]. OPMDs include several different entities such as oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, oral sub mucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus and oral candidiasis. Some of OPMDs are often invisible to the naked eye and can have an appearance, which is indistinguishable from a benign lesion [7].
Bioimpedance spectroscopy and spectral camera techniques in detection of oral mucosal diseases: a narrative review of the state-of-the-art
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Shekh Emran, Miia Hurskainen, Laura Tomppo, Reijo Lappalainen, Arja M. Kullaa, Sami Myllymaa
Most oral malignancies are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). OSCCs are thought to progress from potentially malignant lesions, beginning as hyperplastic tissue and developing into an invasive squamous cell carcinoma [6]. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) refer to all epithelial lesions and conditions with an increased risk for malignant transformation [7]. OPMDs include several different entities such as oral leukoplakia, oral erythroplakia, oral sub mucous fibrosis, oral lichen planus, and oral candidiasis. Some of OPMDs are often invisible to the naked eye and can have an appearance which is indistinguishable from a benign lesion [8].