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Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications
Published in Vineet Kumar, Praveen Guleria, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Functionalized Nanomaterials I, 2020
G. Krishna, V. Pranitha, Reeja Sundaram, M.A. Singara Charya
The Candida species belongs to the normal microbiota of an individual’s gastrointestinal tract, mucosal oral cavity, and vagina (Shao et al., 2007), and is responsible for many clinical manifestations, from mucocutaneous overgrowth to bloodstream infections (Eggimann et al., 2003). These yeasts form symbiotic relationship in healthy humans and may cause systemic infections in immune-compromised states due to their great adaptability to different host niches (Sardi et al., 2013). Presently, there is a sudden increase in the number of yeasts that are impervious to antifungal drugs worldwide; therefore, the use of in vitro laboratory tests may help the doctor in selecting an appropriate therapy. The effects of silver nanoparticles against fungal pathogens have received only marginal attention from the researchers. AgNps have exhibited significant antifungal activity against clinical isolate strains of Candida spp. that cause life-threatening fungal infections (Panacek et al., 2009). According to Kim et al., (2008) the AgNPs show potent fungistatic activity against clinical isolates and ATCC strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida spp. Consequently, AgNPs are proving to be an alternative for the development of new antifungal drugs; nevertheless, much effort is needed to understand their effects against other fungal pathogens.
Infection in the Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient with Autoimmune Disease
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Valentina Stosor, Teresa R. Zembower
Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic pathogen diagnosed at the time of death in lupus patients, although it may not be the primary cause of death. Candida infections can manifest clinically as oral, vaginal, invasive, or disseminated disease. It is frequently found in combination with other pathogens.31Crytpococcus neoformans infections, primarily meningitis, have been described. Like nocardiosis, cryptococcal meningitis may be difficult to diagnosis as its symptoms can mimic CNS lupus.31 Several cases of pulmonary and CNS aspergillosis, primarily due to Aspergillus fumigatus, have been reported, most of which have been fatal. Often the diagnosis is made postmortem, again because the symptoms may mimic lupus.41,42
Pulmonary complications of bone-marrow and stem-cell transplantation
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Bekele Afessa, Andrew D Badley, Steve G Peters
Candida infections, especially of the bloodstream, are common during the neutropenic phase. The portal of entry is usually the gastrointestinal tract or indwelling central venous catheter. Isolated Candida pneumonia is uncommon. In one study of 1359 HSCT recipients, only one late-onset pulmonary candidiasis was reported.52 Autologous HSCT recipients are at low risk for fungal infection once their neutrophils recover. However, Candida infection remains a major threat to patients receiving allogeneic transplant. Risk factors include old age, prolonged duration of neutropenia, GVHD, and use of irradiation as part of the preparative regimen.79,80Candida fungemia is responsive to antifungal therapy if it is initiated early and accompanied by removal of foreign objects such as central venous catheters. Fluconazole prophylaxis will prevent invasive disease due to fluconazole-susceptible Candida species during neutropenia.74
Chemical composition, antifungal activity, antifungal mechanism and interaction manner of the fatty acid of Prunus mahaleb L. with fluconazole
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Elif Ayşe Erdogan Eliuz, Erdal Yabalak, Gülden Gökşen, Deniz Ayas
Many Candida species such as Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis cause nosocomial bloodstream infections with high morbidity and mortality rates. Antifungals such as fluconazole, amphotericin B and azoles are used in the treatment of diseases from Candida. Furthermore, several studies have shown that herbal drugs used in the treatment of fungal diseases blocked the spread of Candida types (Diekema et al. 2002; Gudlaugsson et al. 2003; Ostrosky-Zeichner et al. 2003; Wisplinghoff et al. 2004; Özçelik et al. 2012). Before the 1990s, Candida albicans, recognized among Candida’s as a significant cause of infection at the hospital, made up 70–80% of the Candida isolates recovered from infected patients (Banerjee et al. 1991; Fidel et al. 1999). It is a commensal fungus of the human oral cavity and one of the major causes of mucosal infection and systemic infection in the gastrointestinal tract (Casalinuovo et al. 2004). Nevertheless, infections have been observed to increase in the past two decades due to non-albicans species (Fidel et al. 1999; Miguel et al. 2005). Another common cause of candidiasis is C. parapsilosis. It has some infectious properties that reported about the formation of biofilms on plastic surfaces and selective adherence to prosthetic materials (Branchini et al. 1994; Pfaller 1995), colonization on human hands (Bonassoli et al. 2005), extracellular protease secretion (Merkerová et al. 2006) and resistance to drugs (Van Asbeck et al. 2009). Both of them are the lead actors of many diseases caused by a fungal infection.
Antimicrobial activity of Stachys rupestris Montbret et Aucher ex Benth. and inactivation of the pathogens inoculated on lab-made skin by the essential oil
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Elif Ayşe Erdoğan Eliuz, Ayşe Everest, Mehmet Sami Serin
The fact that microorganisms develop resistance to drugs and cause deadly infections constantly increases the need for new antimicrobial studies on the antimicrobial mechanism (Erdoğan Eliuz 2022). Antibiotic resistance may have gained a new dimension with the COVID-19 pandemic in the last 2 years. Bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus cause secondary bacterial pneumonias, as COVID-19 infection impairs both innate and adaptive antibacterial host defenses. At the same time, the fatal nature of all viral infections, with or without COVID-19, has been associated with bacterial superinfections (Ginsburg and Klugman 2020). According to a recent meta-analysis, the prevalence of laboratory-confirmed bacterial superinfection in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit may be approximately 14% (95% confidence interval 5–26%) (Lansbury et al. 2020). In a large-scale study, lung superinfections were the cause of death in 16% of potential cases and 3% of all COVID-19 patients. There are also bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., and Enterobacter cloacae among the microorganisms detected postmortem (Clancy et al. 2021). Similarly, Candida species that supports the acute respiratory distress syndrome can occur as a result of superinfection with Covid. Invasive yeast infections are increasingly recognized as complications of severe COVID-19. There is a growing need for the development of new antifungal drugs with new mechanisms of action, such as multidrug-resistant Candida spp., such as C. auris and C. glabrata (Arastehfar et al. 2020).
Diphyllin: An effective anticandidal agent isolated from Cleistanthus collinus leaf extract
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Thamburaj Suman, Ramraj Elangomathavan, Muniyandi Kasipandi, Kamalanathan Chakkaravarthi, Dhanapal Tamilvendan, Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
In recent years, the number of researches focused on drug development from plant sources to treat infectious has notably increased. This plant material has been used in various biological studies [19,20] . Among all the properties, antifungal activity has received the most attention. Candida species are normal flora, harmless yeast-like fungi in healthy humans, but they can cause infections in skin and mucosal membranes under immune-compromised situations [21]. In this study, we evaluated the anticandidal activity of C. collinus leaf extracts and its fractions.