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Toxicological Chemistry
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Among the more immediate and readily observed manifestations of poisoning are alterations in the vital signs of temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. Poisoning by some substances may cause an abnormal skin color (jaundiced, yellow skin from CCl4 poisoning) or excessively moist or dry skin. Toxic levels of some materials or their metabolites cause the body to have unnatural odors, such as the bitter almond odor of HCN in tissues of victims of cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of poisoning manifested in the eye include miosis (excessive or prolonged contraction of the eye pupil), mydriasis (excessive pupil dilation), conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the front part of the eyeball and the inner lining of the eyelids), and nystagmus (involuntary movement of the eyeballs). Some poisons cause a moist condition of the mouth, whereas others cause a dry mouth. Gastrointestinal tract effects including pain, vomiting, or paralytic ileus (stoppage of the normal peristalsis movement of the intestines) occur as a result of poisoning by a number of toxic substances.
Toxicological Chemistry
Published in Stanley Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2017
Among the more immediate and readily observed manifestations of poisoning are alterations in the vital signs of temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. Poisoning by some substances may cause an abnormal skin color (jaundiced, yellow skin from CCl4 poisoning) or excessively moist or dry skin. Toxic levels of some materials or their metabolites cause the body to have unnatural odors, such as the bitter almond odor of HCN in tissues of victims of cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of poisoning manifested in the eye include miosis (excessive or prolonged contraction of the eye pupil), mydriasis (excessive pupil dilation), conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the front part of the eyeball and the inner lining of the eyelids), and nystagmus (involuntary movement of the eyeballs). Some poisons cause a moist condition of the mouth, whereas others cause a dry mouth. Gastrointestinal tract effects including pain, vomiting, or paralytic ileus (stoppage of the normal peristalsis movement of the intestines) occur as a result of poisoning by a number of toxic substances.
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2016
David J. Baker, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, Jill R. Meara, John O’Hagan, Neil P. McColl, Caryn L. Cox
Examples of signs and symptoms reported in humans exposed to neurotoxicants:Sensory changes – changes in smell, vision, taste, hearing, balance, proprioception (position of body in relation to outside world and state of contraction of muscles), feeling, pain;Motor weakness – decreased strength of muscles, in coordination or ataxia (unsteady gait) – speech defects, abnormal movements (myoclonus, fasciculations), behavioural seizures, hypermotor or hypomotor activity, Parkinsonism symptoms – tremor, rigidity, poverty of spontaneous movements;Sensorimotor – paraesthesia, numbness in feet, pain in soles, muscle weakness similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome;Autonomic – body temperature changes, ‘cholinergic crisis’, changes in size of pupils (miosis-constricted, mydriasis-dilated);Cognitive – learning, memory deficits;Sensorium – hallucinations, delusions, apathy, stupor, coma.
A Comprehensive Survey on the Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Modern technology allows ophthalmologists the collection of high-quality digital images of the retinal fundus. It is a complex device used to capture retinal images of the eye. Also, it allows the imaging and illumination process to share the same path. The digital fundus camera offers mydriatic and Non-mydriatic photography. Mydriatic photography involves pupil dilation. The pupil dilation allows the camera to capture full information through an enlarged pupil. A non-mydriatic fundus camera is routinely used to examine the eye by expert ophthalmologists [28]. Our institute avails us of the Topcon TRC-NW300 non-mydriatic retinal camera with an 8-megapixel CCD camera which provides high-quality imaging at 45° angle view. The comparison between the traditional fundus camera and ultra-wide imaging fundus camera is represented in Table 1.