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The Multi-Aspect Measurement Approach: Rationale, Technologies, Tools, and Challenges for Systems Design
Published in Pamela Savage-Knepshield, John Martin, John Lockett, Laurel Allender, Designing Soldier Systems, 2018
Kelvin S. Oie, Stephen Gordon, Kaleb McDowell
VOG methods also can be used to determine pupil dilation. Pupil dilation is, among other things, an autonomic reaction to changes in lighting conditions, with pupil diameter increasing with decreasing light levels. However, pupil dilation also occurs in response to cognitive and affective states. For example, Partala and Surakka (2003) have demonstrated pupillary responses to arousing and exciting visual stimuli. Task-evoked pupillary responses have also been demonstrated in response to increased cognitive load (Beatty 1982), or increased sensory, perceptual, or attentional demands (Beatty and Lucero-Wagoner 2000).
Augmenting Cognition in HCI
Published in Julie A. Jacko, The Human–Computer Interaction Handbook, 2012
Kelly S. Hale, Kay M. Stanney, Dylan D. Schmorrow
Cognitive workload and emotional arousal are both known to be associated with pupil dilation. Using comparison of normalized means with temporal windows of 500-ms length, the difference in average pupil size from 0- to 500-ms postfixation onset and 2000- to 2500-ms postfixation onset has been associated with an arousal-related effect (Partala and Surakka 2003), where the difference from 0 to 500 ms and 6000 to 6500 ms has been associated with a workload-related effect (Kahneman, Beatty, and Pollak 1967).
Pre-Evaluation method of the experiential architecture based on multidimensional physiological perception
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Wanyu Pei, Xiangmin Guo, Tiantian Lo
To analyze the visual attention of spatial elements that occurred along this roaming path, Area of Interest (AOI) tools should be used to select regions of a displayed element in advance (Figure 13) so that the area by which metrics are calculated. For analysis, AOI Fixation Count (N) and AOI Fixation Duration (s) were selected as the eye-movement index. These two indexes can reflect users’ attention to spatial scene factors. (i) AOI Fixation Count represents how the subject processes and distributes attention to the spatial elements. The more Fixation times, the more interested the subjects are in the area of interest. (ii) AOI Fixation Duration denotes the duration of fixation when the subject’s viewpoint stays in the AOI. The longer the AOI Fixation Duration, the longer the subject spent fixing the AOI during the roaming, which means the subjects may be more interested in these elements. Besides, (iii) Pupil diameter has been proved to be a reliable physiological feature that can reflect subjects’ emotional state and degree of focus. Pupil dilation is determined by emotional arousal, independent of whether visual stimulations are pleasant or unpleasant. (iv) The more blink counts the user has, to some extent, the more nervous or anxious the user is; The average absolute distance reflects the degree of openness and narrowness of space.
Bodies in mind: using peripheral psychophysiology to probe emotional and social processes
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2021
Gina M. Grimshaw, Michael C. Philipp
The pupil is the opening in the eye through which light passes to the retina. The size of the pupil is controlled by two sets of muscles in the iris. Contraction of the sphincter muscle (under parasympathetic control) constricts the pupil, while contraction of the dilator muscle (under sympathetic control) widens it (see Wang and Munoz 2015, for further review of pupil physiology). Changes in pupil diameter affect vision: constricted pupils are optimised for visual acuity (i.e. sharp visual focus) whereas dilated pupils are optimised for visual sensitivity (i.e. detection of faint stimuli). The parasympathetic pathway mediates the light reflex, a rapid constriction of the pupil that occurs when light levels suddenly increase. The sympathetic pathway, in contrast, acts more slowly to dilate the pupil when people engage with important, interesting, or emotional stimuli (Hess and Polt 1964; Bradley et al. 2008). This pathway is under control of the locus coeruleus, a neural structure that plays an important role in alertness and waking via modulation of norepinephrine (Aston-Jones and Cohen 2005). In different experimental contexts, pupil dilation can be a physiological outcome of both cognitive effort (Kahneman and Beatty 1966; Einhauser 2017) and emotional arousal (Hess and Polt 1964; Bradley et al. 2008). Relative changes in pupil dilation can be measured with most eye-trackers, meaning that pupillometry can be easily integrated into lab-based experiments of visual perception (Sirois and Brisson 2014; Mathôt 2018).