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Motion Sickness
Published in Neil J. Mansfield, Human Response to Vibration, 2004
The most effective drug for prevention of motion sickness is scopolamine (also known as hyoscine or “Kwells”). This is an anticholinergic treatment which is effective for short periods of time following administration by either tablet or injection. It is also possible to obtain the drug in a small transdermal patch which is worn behind the ear (e.g., Parrott, 1989). This is known as “transderm scop” and can provide protection for up to 72 h by supplying a continuous controlled dose of the drug. Side effects can include dryness of the mouth, drowsiness, and blurred vision (i.e., some of the symptoms that occur if affected by motion sickness!). Therefore, those using scopolamine should not drive or carry out safety-critical tasks. Scopolamine is usually only available on prescription.
Examining the Evidence that Drugs Impair Driving: Some Recent Findings from the Drugs and Driving Research Unit (DDRU) at Swinburne University
Published in Mark Sullman, Lisa Dorn, Advances in Traffic Psychology, 2019
Con Stough, Rebecca King, Luke Downey, Edward Ogden
Antihistamines are H1-receptor antagonists which are used widely by those suffering seasonal or chronic allergic rhinitis (Stork et al., 2006). Because of their widespread use, many studies (for example, O'Hanlon et al., 1995) have been undertaken to assess whether they impact driving. First generation antihistamines, such as brompheniramine, dimenhydrinate and diphenhydramine have lipophillic properties which enable cross over through the blood brain barrier. The depressive action on the central nervous system can cause drowsiness, dizziness, un- coordination and increased reaction time (Jauregi et al., 2006). The sedative effects persist into the next day (Kay, 2000). Anticholinergic effects of dry mouth and blurry vision are also evident (Jauregi et al., 2006).
Drug Side Effect Frequency Mining over a Large Twitter Dataset Using Apache Spark
Published in Saravanan Krishnan, Ramesh Kesavan, B. Surendiran, G. S. Mahalakshmi, Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Dennis Hsu, Melody Moh, Teng-Sheng Moh, Diane Moh
Benadryl is a first-generation antihistamine utilized not only for allergies but very commonly as a sleep aid. Thus, it causes dizziness, drowsiness and fatigue, and as it also has strong anticholinergic effects, it causes dry mouth and throat as well. Nausea is not defined as a side effect; in fact, Benadryl is used in combination to treat motion sickness.
Novel cis-[PdCl2(NHC)(PPh3)] complex: synthesis, crystal structure, spectral investigations, DFT and NCI studies, prediction of biological activity
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
In this study, the PASS online program was used to find out the biological activity of cis–[PdCl2(NHC)(PPh3)] [63]. The predictions of activity, based on the values of Pa > 0.5, are listed in Table 6. According to the data of PASS analysis, the complex shows a high antineoplastic (melanoma) biological activity (Pa = 0.909). Melanoma is responsible for 80% of deaths from skin cancer. Melanocytes are thought to acquire neoplastic character, mainly due to intense exposure to ultraviolet rays [64]. The complex also has an antagonist action on nicotinic subreceptor like nicotinic α6β3β4α5 receptor with Pa value 0.818. A nicotinic antagonist is a type of anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and have an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [65].