China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cardiac dysrhythmia management in the radiology department
Published in William H. Bush, Karl N. Krecke, Bernard F. King, Michael A. Bettmann, Radiology Life Support (Rad-LS), 2017
A complete discussion of the autonomic nervous system is well beyond the intent or scope of this chapter, but a brief review is appropriate before consideration of emergency medications.10,11 The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) comprise the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulation of unconscious functions such as control of heart rate and blood pressure, intestinal motility, bladder control, and some hormonal activity (notably epinephrine release from the adrenal gland). Fibers of the preganglionic fibers of both the SNS and the PNS and the postganglionic fibers of the PNS mediate impulse formation by the release of acetylcholine, and are thus termed cholinergic. Postganglionic fibers of the SNS are mediated by norepinephrine release, and are termed adrenergic.
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
The autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that supplies smooth muscles (in contrast to the striated or skeletal muscles found in our limbs and other parts of the body). The autonomic nervous system also controls the heart, the digestive and urinary systems and the secreting glands such as sweat and salivary glands. In general, the autonomic nervous system is concerned with involuntary nerve impulses. The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary actions, such as movement, is known as the somatic nervous system.
Machine learning model for aberrant driving behaviour prediction using heart rate variability: a pilot study involving highway bus drivers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Cheng-Yu Tsai, Arnab Majumdar, Yija Wang, Wen-Hua Hsu, Jiunn-Horng Kang, Kang-Yun Lee, Chien-Hua Tseng, Yi-Chun Kuan, Hsin-Chien Lee, Cheng-Jung Wu, Robert Houghton, He-in Cheong, Iulia Manole, Yin-Tzu Lin, Lok-Yee Joyce Li, Wen-Te Liu
Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters can be used to establish robust models because they are directly associated with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and they vary in response to fatigue and sleepiness [10]. The ANS is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems (SNS and PNS, respectively). The balance between them, also called the brain–heart interaction, is correlated with physiological states (e.g., fatigue) and can be observed as HRV [11]. Previous researchers investigated the relationships between the physiological and psychological data of truck drivers and revealed that HRV parameters were significantly associated with mental fatigue [12]. Hence, numerous HRV-based models to assess driver fatigue have been established. For example, previous researchers employed a support vector machine (SVM) trained on a processed HRV to detect fatigued driving [13]. However, most HRV-based models for screening driver fatigue are usually trained on simulated driving data. Real-world driving scenarios may cause signal artefacts in the measured HRV.
Evaluating Photoplethysmogram as a Real-Time Cognitive Load Assessment during Game Playing
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2018
Xiao Zhang, Yongqiang Lyu, Xin Hu, Ziyue Hu, Yuanchun Shi, Hao Yin
The human body is controlled by nervous systems which consists of two main parts, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system can be subdivided into the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system (ANS). The functions of most organs of human body are under control of the ANS which is able to regulate human body’s major physiological activities (Kreibig, 2010) and thus has impact on related vital signs, e.g., heart rate (HR), HRV, pulse rate (PR), pulse rate variation respiration, blood pressure (BP), pupil dilation, and eye blink. The ANS can be divided into two parts, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
Analysing IoT Data for Anxiety and Stress Monitoring: A Systematic Mapping Study and Taxonomy
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Leonardo dos Santos Paula, Lucas Pfeiffer Salomão Dias, Rosemary Francisco, Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is responsible for the management of the body’s involuntary activities, and it is composed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) (Koopman et al., 2011). These systems are directly related to the physiological responses related to stress and anxiety since the SNS prepares the body to face an emergency and the PNS has the opposite effect, returning the body to a normal state (American Psychological Association, 2018).