China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction
Published in Narayan Panigrahi, Saraju P. Mohanty, Brain Computer Interface, 2022
Narayan Panigrahi, Saraju P. Mohanty
The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of spinal nerves that branch from the spinal cord and cranial nerves that branch from the brain. The three main parts of the central nervous system are the (1) cerebrum, (2) cerebellum, and (3) brain stem.
Current in vivo Models for Brain Disorders
Published in Carla Vitorino, Andreia Jorge, Alberto Pais, Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery, 2021
Marta Guerra-Rebollo, Cristina Garrido
Neurological disorders involve damage to the central nervous system (CNS). They are considered a major strike on the human health of developing countries and constitute 12% of total deaths globally. Moreover, CNS disorders affect 1.5 million people worldwide and it is responsible for 1% of deaths [1]. Pathological CNS disorders include from neurodegeneration (e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], multiple sclerosis [MS], Alzheimer’s disease [AD], Parkinson’s disease [PD], Huntington’s disease [HD]) to brain cancers (e.g. glioblastoma [GB]) or cerebrovascular accidents (ischaemic stroke). This compendium of diseases has many differences in their causes and pathology which require different strategies of therapeutic approach but even though, all of them share a common difficulty, crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Consequently, although numerous efforts have been made to treat these disorders, many drugs fail on effectively deliver their effect into the CNS due to their impossibility of across the BBB. Nanotechnology has born as an exciting and promising platform to deliver drugs to the brain across the BBB [2].
Introduction
Published in James P. Kohn, The Ergonomic Casebook, 2020
James Kohn, Celeste Winterberger
There are two basic components of the nervous system: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (Willis, 1990). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. In the brain, electrical impulses are sent to the various lobes.
Neurological disease prediction using impaired gait analysis for foot position in cerebellar ataxia by ensemble approach
Published in Automatika, 2023
M. Shanmuga Sundari, Vijaya Chandra Jadala
The most common neurological condition that affects the central nervous system is Parkinson's disease (PD). The number of its sufferers has increased significantly, especially in underdeveloped countries. Trembling, diminished mental reaction and poor posture are the earliest signs of PD. Almost ten million individuals have been diagnosed with it as of this point, and it is a terrible medical ailment that is common in developed and developing countries. The disease's primary origin is still unknown, however, based on the indications and symptoms it exhibits, it can be treated if caught in its early stages. There is currently no known cure or preventative measure for PD, and it is unclear if the condition is genetic or natural. Many clinical and blood investigations have been provided to aid in the PD diagnosis. Correctly diagnosing PD can be challenging, especially in the early stages. Occasionally medical professionals will request blood testing or brain scans to rule out the potential of other illnesses.
The Roles of Visual Complexity and Order in First Impressions of Webpages: An ERP Study of Webpage Rapid Evaluation
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2022
Weilin Liu, Yaqin Cao, Robert W. Proctor
Studying the rapid physiological response process of users in HCI is one of the key topics in the Neuro-Information-Systems (NeuroIS) research agenda (Huang et al., 2015; Xiong & Zuo, 2020). NeuroIS, which was first proposed by Dimoka et al. (2007), is an interdisciplinary research field in which neuroscience theories, methods, and tools are used to understand the design, development, use and impact of information systems. Neuroscience tools that are commonly used in NeuroIS research can be classified into three categories: (a) instruments to measure the central nervous system (CNS), such as magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG); (b) instruments to measure the peripheral nervous system (PNS), such as eye tracking, electromyography (EMG), skin conductance (SC), electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood pressure (BP); and (c) instruments to measure the hormone system, such as salivary alpha-amylase (sAA). By these tools, the neurophysiological data of users in the process of experiencing the information system can be measured objectively and in real-time. Through the further analysis of these data, the impact of different information systems on users can be revealed more completely. Thus, NeuroIS can contribute to understanding of information-system phenomena and to helping practitioners design and develop such systems (Riedl & Léger, 2015; Xiong & Zuo, 2020). For a systematic review of NeuroIS, please see Xiong and Zuo (2020).
A K-Means-Galactic Swarm Optimization-Based Clustering Algorithm with Otsu’s Entropy for Brain Tumor Detection
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2019
Satyasai Jagannath Nanda, Ishank Gulati, Rajat Chauhan, Rahul Modi, Uttam Dhaked
The brain and spinal cord together makes the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS not only control the thought processes of human but also control voluntary and involuntary muscles Kandwal and Kumar (2014). The tumors developed in brain are broadly two types: Cancerous and Benign tumors (non-cancerous) Logeswariand Karnan (2010). The Cancerous brain tumors are of two categories: primary and secondary Kharrat et al. (2009). The primary one gets developed inside the brain, and secondary one gets formulated in another part of the body (ex. breast, lung) and spread to the brain Bandyopadhyay (2011). In this manuscript, the analysis is carried out on detection of different types of primary brain tumors.