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Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Exercise and Fatigue Estimation in Rehabilitation
Published in Manuel Cardona, Vijender Kumar Solanki, Cecilia E. García Cena, Internet of Medical Things, 2021
Maria J. Pinto-Bernal, Andres Aguirre, Carlos A. Cifuentes, Marcela Munera
Several rehabilitation programs have incorporated PE in their therapies; for example, in (i) cardiac rehabilitation, to increase the patient's cardiovascular performance [19, 32, 54]; (ii) oncology rehabilitation, to ease the effects of pathological fatigue [18, 65], which is a symptom normally presented in patients with cancer [46] that make them get tired easily when performing daily life activities [20]; (iii) neuromuscular rehabilitation, to recover mobility of limbs, by retraining and fixing the affected neural paths [15, 38, 68]; (iv) pulmonary rehabilitation, to raise the pulmonary capacity of the patients [26, 66]; and (v) musculoskeletal rehabilitation, to recover joint mobility and muscular strength after surgery [22, 23]. This information is summarized in Table 6.1.
Emerging Perspectives of Virtual Reality Techniques
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Virtual Reality in Health and Rehabilitation, 2020
In addition to serving as a modality that can effectively manage pain in both acute and chronic conditions, VR continues to develop as a technology with a variety of potential benefits for many aspects of rehabilitation assessment, treatment, and research (Hakim et al., 2017). As noted above, the use of VR in neurorehabilitation for individuals with cerebral palsy, stroke, and PD has been studied extensively (Dockx et al., 2016; Laver et al., 2017; Ravi et al., 2017). Likewise, some recent clinical trials have also evaluated the effectiveness of VR in the orthopedic rehabilitation setting. This is especially important, since musculoskeletal disorders are one of the leading causes of chronic disability worldwide and there is a need to develop improved and more efficient rehabilitation methods.
Biomechanical Modeling of Muscular Contraction
Published in Yuehong Yin, Biomechanical Principles on Force Generation and Control of Skeletal Muscle and their Applications in Robotic Exoskeleton, 2020
In a general sense, the goals of a biomechanical model for muscular contraction include two aspects. The first aspect is a theoretical explanation of the experimental phenomena or data. The most representative models include Hill’s model (heat and energy transformation) [1], Huxley’s model (chemical state transition) [3], the Brownian ratchet model (statistical thermodynamics) [39], etc. The second aspect is providing theoretical guidance and a framework for biomechanical or biomedical engineering on the musculoskeletal system, e.g., locomotion, exercise, and rehabilitation [62–64]. According to these aims, an ideal biomechanical model needs to be not only consistent with the experiments but also suitable for practical engineering purposes. The former requirement is rather basic because a model must first yield an acceptable descriptive accuracy, which is exactly the prime topic of most studies in this field.
Short- and long-term reliability of leg extensor power measurement in middle-aged and older adults
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Christopher Hurst, Alan M Batterham, Kathryn L Weston, Matthew Weston
Age-related changes in the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system affect the ability of older adults to carry out the everyday tasks of daily living (Aagaard, Suetta, Caserotti, Magnusson, & Kjaer, 2010; Janssen, Heymsfield, & Ross, 2002; Skelton, Greig, Davies, & Young, 1994). Although considerable evidence has highlighted the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and muscular strength (Janssen, Heymsfield, Wang, & Ross, 2000; Skelton et al., 1994), muscular power may be a more important determinant of effective physical functioning in older adults (Foldvari et al., 2000; Reid & Fielding, 2012). For example, muscular power is more important than strength for activities such as chair rising and stair climbing (Bassey et al., 1992), is related to clinically important improvements in gait speed and other measures of functional performance (Bean et al., 2010; Tiggemann et al., 2016), and also plays a role in fall prevention (Skelton, Kennedy, & Rutherford, 2002).
Dynamic postural stability is more variable barefoot than in footwear in healthy individuals
Published in Footwear Science, 2018
Christopher Charles Sole, Stephan Milosavljevic, Gisela Sole, S. John Sullivan
Functional rehabilitation is often prescribed for patients to improve dynamic balance, for example for those with musculoskeletal injury (Gribble et al., 2016) or to reduce risk of falling for older adults (Gerards et al., 2017). Our findings indicate that, besides those exercises, the condition of the footwear may also need to be considered as an intervention if the goal is to improve dynamic stability. Predicting the length of time needed in asymmetric footwear to impair postural stability would require a prospective study.
Clinical potential of implantable wireless sensors for orthopedic treatments
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Salil Sidharthan Karipott, Bradley D. Nelson, Robert E. Guldberg, Keat Ghee Ong
Most of today’s implantable orthopedic sensors are used for postoperative biomechanical monitoring to improve understanding of musculoskeletal development, regeneration, disease conditions, as well as to optimize design and performance of implantable devices. While these sensors have been used to study various musculoskeletal components, this section focuses on their implementations for the knee, spine, and shoulder.