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Future Directions in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: A Few Examples
Published in Victor H. Edwards, Suzanne Shelley, Careers in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2018
Victor H. Edwards, Suzanne Shelley
Dialysis is a separation technique or unit operation that employs a semipermeable membrane between two solutions to allow for the selective transfer of specific compounds across the membrane by molecular diffusion, while retaining other components. Kidney dialysis or hemodialysis refers to the use of specialized dialysis membranes to purify blood.
What Is a Differential Equation?
Published in Steven G. Krantz, Differential Equations, 2015
The purpose of the kidneys is to filter out waste from the blood. When the kidneys malfunction, the waste material can build up to dangerous levels and be poisonous to the system. Doctors will use a kidney dialysis machine (or dialyser) to assist the kidneys in the cleansing process.
Diffusion analysis with high and low concentration regions by the finite difference method, the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, and the bilayered neural network method
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2021
Qike Shao, Sina Faizollahzadeh Ardabili, Majdi Mafarja, Hamza Turabieh, Qian Zhang, Shahab S. Band, Kwok-Wing Chau, Amir Mosavi
Microorganisms, plants, as well as animals are some examples that the role of diffusion of large and small molecules in aqueous solutions is inevitable. Aside from these, the process of diffusion has its own role in food processing as well as the drying of liquid mixtures and solutions. Examples include aroma as well as flavor components in tea and coffee during the process of evaporation. Moreover, diffusion occurs in the process of fermentation. In this process, sugar, oxygen as well as nutrients diffuse to products, microorganisms, and waste. In this regard, kidneys are responsible for taking away different products, including creatinine, urea, and other excess fluid from the blood. Additionally, kidney dialysis helps patients whose kidneys work improperly by removing waste products from their blood. During the process of hemodialysis, a dialyzer is applied, and in this process, blood is pumped; consequently, waste that exists in blood diffuses by a sort of membrane action so that only particular molecules can pass to the aqueous solution cleaning fluid.