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Earthquakes and Medical Complications
Published in Ramesh P. Singh, Darius Bartlett, Natural Hazards, 2018
Scarlet Benson, Laura Ebbeling, Michael J. VanRooyen, Susan A. Bartels
For those who require renal replacement therapy, there are several dialysis options. Peritoneal dialysis does not require electricity or tap water but is difficult to use in patients with abdominal or chest injuries, requires relatively large quantities of sterile dialysate and may cause peritonitis when used under non-hygienic field conditions (Sever et al. 2006). With continuous renal replacement therapy, only one patient can be treated per machine, and experienced personnel, electricity and large volumes of substitute fluid are required (Sever et al. 2006). Some experts advocate for continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration (CAVH) in mass casualty situations located in rural areas because it is simple and does not require electricity, pumps or delivery systems (Better 1993). Intermittent haemodialysis offers the advantage of being able to treat several patients each day with the same dialysis machine and is also more efficient at removing potassium (Sever et al. 2006). The disadvantages of intermittent haemodialysis include the need for technical support, electricity and water supplies (Sever et al. 2006). Twice and even three times daily dialysis may be needed, and some patients may require more than one dialysis modality (Sever et al. 2002b). The average duration of dialysis for crush injury patients is 13–18 days (Sever et al. 2006).
Chapter 22 Safety-Critical Systems And Engineering Design: Cardiac And Blood-Related Devices
Published in B H Brown, R H Smallwood, D C Barber, P V Lawford, D R Hose, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2017
Two types of dialysis are used. In peritoneal dialysis, the dialysing fluid is run into, and then out of, the patient’s abdomen. This is a relatively simple technique that does not need either expensive equipment or access to the circulation, and it is used for certain patients with acute renal failure. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has made peritoneal dialysis suitable for long-term use in chronic renal failure. In haemodialysis, blood is continuously removed from the patient, passed through an artificial kidney machine, and then returned to the patient.
Treatment Devices
Published in Laurence J. Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, 2023
For patients who cannot tolerate hemodialysis for any reason, or if their kidney failure is not complete, peritoneal dialysis offers an alternative. It is a much simpler process than hemodialysis, and the equipment is portable and simple enough to be used in patient’s homes or even while traveling.
Potential clinical value of catheters impregnated with antimicrobials for the prevention of infections associated with peritoneal dialysis
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Hari Dukka, Maarten W. Taal, Roger Bayston
Peritoneal dialysis involves infusion of a dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity via the peritoneal dialysis catheter. The fluid consists of osmotic agents, buffers, and electrolytes and is allowed to dwell in the peritoneal cavity for 1–12 hours. Metabolites and electrolytes are transferred into the dialysis fluid by diffusion and convection, and water is removed by osmosis.