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Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: An Overview of the Clinical Outcomes and Evidence-Based Archive
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Manjir Sarma Kataki, Ananya Rajkumari, Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
Iron deficiency is very common among women now-a-days worldwide. In India, the deficiency is alarming. A significant number of women, including teenagers, females of child bearing age, and adolescent girls, have been found to be deficient in iron. This alarming deficiency of iron has been causing various problems and health issues in women, especially in those who are pregnant or trying to conceive. It is the need of the hour to emphasize the adoption of necessary measures to correct or manage this iron deficiency among women. Iron status can be improved by consuming foods rich in heme iron, which is the most easily absorbed form of iron in foods. Alongside this, other good sources of iron need to be added into the daily diet with vitamin C enriched foods. Vitamin C can correct the absorption issues related to iron bioavailability. As a source of heme iron, lean meat as well as poultry should be consumed. White beans, lentils, and spinach are the non-heme iron sources which are plant-based and readily available. Pregnant women are recommended to take an iron supplement, as suggested by an obstetrician or other healthcare provider.
Biomedical Insights of Lipid- and Protein- Based Biocomposites
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Saiqa Ikram, Suvardhan Kanchi, Krishna Bisetty, Biocomposites, 2018
Aasim Majeed, Raoof Ahmad Najar, Shruti Chaudhary, Sapna Thakur, Amandeep Singh, Pankaj Bhardwaj
Anemia is an iron deficiency disease usually found in children and women. The cure includes iron supplement as ferrous sulfate. The currently available iron supplement tablets results in constipation and blood stool. Further, the variability in bioavailability and absorption of the iron puts them at additional disadvantage. To overcome such risks, SLNs were prepared from a composite mixture of compritol, lecithin, poloxamer, and dicetylphosphate. These SLNs were further incorporated with iron in the form of ferrous sulfate. The iron-loaded SLNs showed enhanced bioavailability and entrapment. So they can be safely used as carriers of iron [108].
Effect of sub-chronic ferrous sulfate treatment on motor skills, hematological and biochemical parameters in rats
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2019
Mohamed Ammari, Miryam Elferchichi, Haifa Othman, Mohsen Sakly, Hafedh Abdelmelek
Iron supplements where iron exists as ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) or ferrous gluconate (C12H22FeO14) and multivitamins with iron and carbonyl iron (an iron plus carbon monoxide combination) can cause iron overload if used excessively (iron poisoning). This iron intake will usually not result in hemosiderosis or hemochromatosis if used in excess over a short period but may cause some acute symptoms of iron poisoning. Long-term intake of excessive iron supplements, however, will result in hemosiderosis (iron overload) which may then be followed by hemochromatosis (iron toxicity). Iron poisoning is one of the most common types of poisoning in children which may lead to death.15 Accidental ingestion is common because iron containing compounds are readily available, brightly colored, often sugar coated, and frequently considered harmless vitamins by parents.16 Iron supplements are typically used to treat anemia. Modalities include: diet, parasite control,17 vitamin A, riboflavin (B2),18 vitamin C (for absorption), folate (B9), vitamin B12, and multivitamin–multimineral supplements with or without iron.
Iron balance and iron supplementation for the female athlete: A practical approach
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2018
Charles R Pedlar, Carlo Brugnara, Georgie Bruinvels, Richard Burden
Recent data suggests that up to 79% of elite athletes use iron supplements (Bruinvels et al., 2016). Supplementation is recommended where iron deficiency is suspected, with ongoing monitoring to avoid unnecessary supplementation. Although iron supplementation is considered safe, the effect of long-term iron supplement use is not known. However, increased intake of dietary iron is a primary risk factor in those with genetic abnormalities that predispose them to iron overload, for example, in those with haemochromatosis. Most cases of haemochromatosis are caused by an HFE (high iron) mutant genotype. In those who have homozygous or heterozygous mutations of the C282Y or H63D alleles (approximately 0.4% Caucasians carry a homozygous C282Y mutation, and 6% a heterozygous C282Y mutation), the risk of clinically significant iron overload is increased, therefore caution should be applied with supplementation (Hollerer, Bachmann, & Muckenthaler, 2017). In one study, HFE gene mutations were present in over 80% (37 of 46) of international gold medallists in endurance sports (Hermine et al., 2015) suggesting some performance advantage associated with this gene mutation.