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Clinical Effects of Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
In attempting to explain this phenomenon, physicians and pharmacists have proposed that it may be due to dehydration caused by over-exertion in high temperature conditions, combined with an acute reaction to commonly administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat pain and/or antibiotics to treat infection.1174 NSAIDs require CYP enzymes in the liver for detoxification.1180 so impaired CYP function by glyphosate would lead to a far more toxic effect of excessive NSAID administration. Kidney disease among agricultural workers ends to be associated with chronic glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis, which was proposed in Soderland et al.1237 to be due to environmental toxins such as heavy metals or toxic chemicals. Glomerulonephritis is also found in association with celiac disease.1181,1182 A Swedish study showed a fivefold increase in nephritis risk in celiac patients.1182
Toxicity of metals
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness, occurring 4–6 hours after exposure. Fatigue, chills, myalgias, cough, dyspnoea, thirst, metallic taste in the mouth and salivation are characteristic, though these tend to resolve after 36 hours. Metal fume fever is associated with other metals, including aluminium, copper, manganese, nickel and so on. Other organs affected by zinc include the kidney (tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis), the pancreas (elevated glucose and amylase and lowered calcium) and lung oedema and pneumonitis.
Toxic Responses of the Immune System
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Antibiotics. Penicillin can cause an autoimmune hemolytic anemia which disappears upon cessation of therapy. Methicillin produces an autoimmune-induced acute interstitial nephritis with circulating antibodies to tubular epithelium. In the hemolytic anemia mentioned above, penicillin acts as a hapten. Nitrofurantoin produces a lupus-like nephritis.
Thymol Reduces Hepatorenal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Caspase-3#xd; Activation in Rats Exposed to Indomethacin
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Tijani Abiola Stephanie, Olori O. David, Ebenezer O. Farombi
Drug-induced multi-organ toxicities are common adverse reaction triggered by numerous drugs like indomethacin (IND). Indomethacin is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used as analgesic and also has antipyretic property. However, its adverse side effects have raised a lot of concern for its continuous use in clinical settings. Indomethacin cause many organ toxicities including liver, kidney and gastrointestinal toxicities in humans and experimental animals [1,2]. In the liver, IND has been associated with hepatocellular enzymes elevation and cholestatic jaundice whereas in the kidney, IND caused acute interstitial nephritis typified by wide spread interstitial edema with infiltration of inflammatory cells [3,4]. The mechanisms by which IND causes its toxicities include prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting to cellular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis [5].
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
The cancers associated with a weight-loss regimen of herbal ingredients that contained aristolochic acids directly relate to the mechanism of action of these acids. The toxicity of aristolochic acids I and II has been inferred from effects seen in patients diagnosed with kidney nephropathy after the use of herbal mixtures containing Aristolochia species, which led to rapidly progressive fibrosing interstitial nephritis. The same aristolochic acid-specific DNA adducts identified in experimental animals exposed to aristolochic acid or herbal products containing aristolochic acid were also found in urothelial tissue of aristolochic-acid nephropathy patients, in renal tissue from Balkan endemic nephropathy patients, and in tumor tissue from residents of endemic villages.
Flow analysis in permeable channel with variable wall reabsorption
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Kidneys are bean shaped organs, working day and night, in living beings. By the process of reabsorption the waste materials are removed from the blood. The functional unit of kidney is called the nephrons, which are alike in function and structure. It has two parts, the renal corpuscle and the tubule. The initial blood-filtering part of a nephron is renal corpuscle, which consists of glomerulus and Bowmans capsule. Due to the high blood pressure inside the glomerular capillaries, the blood is forced to enter the Bowmans capsule for rapid filtration. The filtrate which enters the Bowmans capsule is known as glomerular filtrate (GF). Renal tubule is the segment after Bowmans capsule, where, most of the materials like glucose, electrolytes and water from GF are reabsorbed across the tubular walls. The rate of reabsorption of glomerular filtrate is approximately 180 liters each day in which 178 liters is reabsorbed per day and the remaining 2 liters becomes urine [1]. If kidneys stop doing their job, the artificial kidneys (dialyser) are used to save life. Life expectancy on dialysis can vary, however, many patients have lived well on dialysis for 20 or even 30 years. The abnormal kidney function can be detected by abnormal volume regulation, electrolyte profiles and the renal imaging. There are numerous renal abnormalities that alter the kidney function and cause diseases. The kidney failure can be caused by glomerular, tubular and vascular diseases. It has been reported in [2] that about out of 50,000 people die each year from kidney diseases, which are well suited to artificial kidney treatment (dialysis) or kidney transplantation. The most common causes of renal failure are high blood pressure, pyelonephritis, obstructive uropathy and tubular disorder. Studying tubular disease is a challenging task due to several other diseases such as tubular interstitial injury, allergic interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis and tubular proteinuria. Furthermore, these diseases [3–6] cause abnormal reabsorption due to pore blockage at the walls [7].