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Flavonoids from Quercus Genus: Applications in Melasma and Psoriasis
Published in Tatjana Stevanovic, Chemistry of Lignocellulosics: Current Trends, 2018
Esquivel-García Roberto, Velázquez-Hernández María-Elena, Valentín-Escalera Josué, Valencia-Avilés Eréndira, Rodríguez-Orozco Alain-Raimundo, Martha-Estrella García-Pérez
Luteolin inhibits the production of IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF by decreasing NF-κB activation in HaCaT cells (Weng et al. 2014). Luteolin-7-glucoside showed reduction in proliferation, acanthosis, and inflammation by inhibition of IL-22/STAT3 pathway in KCs and mouse psoriatic model (Palombo et al. 2016). The flavonoids glycosides luteolin, formononetin and kaempferol also showed significant antiproliferative activity in HaCaT cells. Formulations of tablets containing combinations of these bioactive flavonoids were developed and their effect were evaluated in a rat model. Animals which received the tablets exhibited a remarkable inhibition of IL-17 and TNF-. Its antipsoriatic activity was confirmed by the reduction in the thickness of epidermis, the significant retention of the stratum granulosum and the absence of movement of neutrophils (Vijayalakshmi et al. 2014).
Monoterpenes Modulating IL-10
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
Saravanan Shanmugam, Jullyana S. S. Quintans, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Luciana Scotti, Marcus T. Scotti, Adriano A. S. Araújo, Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior
IL-10 is an important regulatory cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties and has a central role in infections by limiting the immune response to pathogens, and thereby preventing damage to the host, so producing both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory properties (Saraiva and O’Garra 2010). Moreover, IL-10 can operate on both innate and adaptive immune cells and has a broad spectrum of immunomodulatory activities that suppress proliferation, cytokine secretion, and costimulatory molecule expression of pro-inflammatory immune cells (Shouval et al. 2014). This anti-inflammatory cytokine belongs to type-II cytokine family with nine members: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and the more distantly related IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 (Ouyang et al. 2011). Several cells produce IL-10, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and various subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells (Couper et al. 2008). IL-10 carries out its immunosuppressive role largely by inhibiting NF-κB-activated transcription of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly, TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12. There is also evidence that IL-10 destabilizes cytokine mRNAs, including the IL-10 mRNA itself. In addition, IL-10 can inhibit the activation of the Ras (protein)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) signaling pathway and the tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav1, again downregulating transcriptional activity. The heterodimeric IL-10 receptor is expressed mainly on hematopoietic cells. The IL-10R1 chain has an extracellular domain that resembles that in the interferon (IFN) receptors and a long cytoplasmic domain that associates primarily with Jak1. The IL-10R2 chain has a shorter cytoplasmic domain that associates primarily with Tyk2 (Mak et al. 2006; Fioranelli and Grazia 2014) (Figure 16.1).
Effect of lyophilization and spray-drying on cytokine levels and antioxidant capacity in human milk
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Vanessa Javera Castanheira Neia, Joana Maira Valentini Zacarias, Josiane Bazzo de Alencar, Patrícia Daniele Silva dos Santos, Christyna Beatriz Genovez Tavares, Meliana G. Paula, Silvio Claudio da Costa, Mariana Maciel de Oliveira, Celso Vataru Nakamura, Oscar Oliveira Santos, Jeane E. L. Visentainer, Jesuí V. Visentainer
The cytokines IL˗17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 are produced by Th17 cells and are involved in the activation of neutrophils and increased barrier immunity against extracellular bacteria and fungi.[26] Among Th17 cytokines, IL-21 concentration was higher than IL-17A/F and IL-22, in our study. IL-21 acts on naive B cells and induces antibody isotype switching to IgA.[27] The presence of IgA in HM compensates for the small amount of IgA in the infant,[28] and seems to play a role in regulating the immune response to dietary antigens.[29]
Genetic variants affecting chemical mediated skin immunotoxicity
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Isisdoris Rodrigues de Souza, Patrícia Savio de Araujo-Souza, Daniela Morais Leme
Expansion of IL-5-producing ILC2 in skin was demonstrated in FLG-deficient mice, which developed spontaneous AD-like inflammation (Saunders et al. 2016). Saunders et al. (2016) noted an increased number of ILC2 in skin blisters from patients with FLG loss-of-function mutation. Bielecki et al. (2021) reported ILC2s shifted into group 3 ILCs (ILC3), inducing skin diseases psoriasis which is related to the ILC3-derived cytokines IL-17 and IL-22.