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Tissue Engineering and Application in Tropical Medicine
Published in Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Tissue Engineering, 2022
Schistosomiasis is the parasitic disease that is caused by the fluke in Schistosoma species. The causative agent is known as blood fluke. The species namely Schistosoma mansoni is an important blood fluke that can result in chronic liver disease and fibrosis. In case with severe liver dysfunction, the patient might die. The use of tissue engineering technology for management of the chronic liver problem due to Schistosoma mansoni is mentioned. In an animal model study, Hegab et al. (2018) reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy was effective for management of chronic liver disease in murine Schistosoma mansoni. For Schistosoma haematobium, the chronic parasitic infection in urinary bladder might occur and it can result in cancer. To management of Schistosoma-related urinary bladder cancer, surgical treatment is indicated. Tissue engineering can play role as regenerative medicine in the management of invasive bladder cancer in this case (Hyndman et al., 2012).
A Comparative Review of the Role of Deep Learning in Medical Image Processing
Published in R. Sujatha, S. L. Aarthy, R. Vettriselvan, Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms to Overcome Challenges in Big Data Analytics, 2021
Erapaneni Gayatri, S. L. Aarthy
In the human body, the liver is an important organ that digests food and converts it into energy. The liver is located in the upper right part of the stomach and it is a football-sized organ. There are many liver diseases, including hepatitis, fatty liver disease, autoimmune conditions, genetic conditions, cancer, cirrhosis, and liver failure. The diagnosis methods of liver diseases are the liver function test, a complete blood count test, a CT Scan, an MRI for liver damage, and a liver biopsy for diagnosing cancer.
Toxicology of CERCLA Hazardous Substances
Published in Barry L. Johnson, Impact of Hazardous Waste on Human Health, 2020
Toxicologists classify substances toxic to the liver according to the type of injury produced (Rodricks, 1992). The health of the liver and its physiologic functions are crucial to the health of the individual. Sometimes substances found in the workplace and community environment can cause acute and chronic toxicity to the liver, depending on the dose delivered (Wilson and Straight, 1993). For example, carbon tetrachloride is a well known hepatotoxicant. Liver disorders can range in consequence from asymptomatic disorders in liver function to progressive chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, or fatal hepatic necrosis. Human health investigations and laboratory animal research have provided information about which substances cause liver toxicity and at what doses and the kind of damage caused
An Efficient Liver Disease Prediction Using Mask-Regional Convolutional Neural Network and Pelican Optimization Algorithm
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
J. Aswini, B. Yamini, K. Venkata Ramana, J. Jegan Amarnath
The liver is one of the significant organs in the human and it removes toxins from the body. It maintains healthier blood levels in the body [1]. If the liver fails to operate, many functions of the body are not performed because it causes damage to the body [2]. When the liver is infected by the virus it attacks the entire immune system. Liver diseases are caused by the hepatotropic virus-like hepatitis C virus, hepatitis delta virus, and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The HBV infection affects 257 million people worldwide and 1 million people are chronically affected by HBV and died of liver diseases [3]. Liver diseases are referred to as hepatitis diseases. Hepatitis B, A, E, C, and D are the five classes of strains that caused liver damage. The hepatitis C and hepatitis B strain of the virus resulted in chronic disease. Worldwide, 325 million people are suffered from hepatitis C or B. Liver cirrhosis occurs to liver distortion or fibrosis formation [4]. Due to hepatitis, the liver is inflamed which is caused by the formation of viruses such as B, C, or A [5]. Hepatitis B is spread by body fluids and it sometimes leads to chronic liver infection. Hepatitis C has transferred by the infected blood. The liver disease cannot show any symptoms initially and will stay for several years in the liver. The higher – fat deposits result in fatty liver diseases in the liver [6]. Smoking habits and consumption of alcohol will enhance the disease severity [7,8].
Investigation of movement-related behaviors and energy compensation in people living with liver disease: A scoping review
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2022
Carminda Goersch Lamboglia, Ashley P. Mccurdy, Yeong-Bae Kim, Cliff Lindeman, Amie J. Mangan, Allison Sivak, Diana Mager, John C. Spence
The liver is one of the largest human organs and it is essential for digesting food and removing toxic substances from the body. Liver damage can be caused by genetic factors (e.g., Wilson’s disease), viral infection (e.g., Hepatitis), alcohol abuse or excessive liver fat (e.g., Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]). Repeated damage over time can lead to scarring (cirrhosis) and liver failure (Canadian Liver Foundation, 2013). The most common liver disease (i.e., NAFLD) has a global prevalence rate of 25% (Cotter & Rinella, 2020) and approximately two million people die annually due to a damaged liver condition (Asrani et al., 2019; Younossi & Henry, 2016). Despite posing a considerable challenge for public health (Younossi, 2019), liver disease tends to be disregarded in comparison to other chronic diseases (Marcellin & Kutala, 2018). Individuals with chronic liver disease face physical deconditioning, sarcopenia, physical frailty, and impaired muscle health resulting in functional deterioration during advanced stages and increased risk of mortality (Duarte‐Rojo et al., 2018; Lai et al., 2014; Montano-Loza, 2014; Tandon et al., 2016).
Surgical planning for living donor liver transplant using 4D flow MRI, computational fluid dynamics and in vitro experiments
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
David R. Rutkowski, Scott B. Reeder, Luis A. Fernandez, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate
Liver transplantation is a successful and definitive treatment for patients with liver failure. However, over the last two decades, there has been a short supply of organs from deceased donors. This shortage has motivated the implementation of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), a therapy that has produced results comparable to traditional cadaveric liver transplantation (Yagi et al. 2004; Kim 2015). In this procedure, a portion of the liver is resected from a living donor and transplanted into a patient with liver failure (Everson et al. 2013). In both the donor and the recipient, the liver tissue can regenerate up to around 80 and 90% of its original size, respectively, after the procedure (Olthoff et al. 2014). However, the central vasculature of the liver cannot regenerate, and therefore the same amount of blood volume must flow through a smaller vascular bed, inevitably leading to higher resistance to blood flow. Such changes in hepatic resistance have been shown to have a role in the liver regeneration process (Yagi et al. 2004). However, the increased resistance also has the potential to induce hyperperfusion and pre-sinusoidal portal hypertension, which can lead to early graft dysfunction and tissue damage due to elevated pressure and wall shear stress (Vasavada et al. 2014; Tong et al. 2015).