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Recent Advances in Artificial Cells With Emphasis on Biotechnological and Medical Approaches Based on Microencapsulation
Published in Max Donbrow, Microcapsules and Nanoparticles in Medicine and Pharmacy, 2020
No complete artificial liver is yet available to replace all the functions of the liver. Hemoperfusion can remove toxic products in deeply comatose liver failure patients and result in temporary recovery of consciousness21,22 (Table 3). In acute liver failure the liver has the potential to recover its full function. Thus, hemoperfusion can increase the survival rates of patients with certain types of acute liver failure.22 On the other hand, livers in end-stage chronic liver failure cannot recover. This condition requires continuous support of all the many liver functions. Detoxification by hemoperfusion only supports one of the many functions, so that for end-stage chronic liver failure, additional systems are required.22
Bioprinting of liver
Published in Ali Khademhosseini, Gulden Camci-Unal, 3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering, 2018
Dong-Woo Cho, Hyungseok Lee, Wonil Han, Yeong-Jin Choi
The liver exhibits a high regenerative capacity and continues to function even when a large portion is removed. However, in the case of end-stage liver failure, liver transplantation is the only effective therapy; however, transplantation is limited by the lack of liver donors [6]. To overcome this problem, numerous liver tissue-engineering studies have focused on the development of transplantable artificial livers. Furthermore, many candidates for new drugs have been withdrawn or rejected during drug development because they cause drug-induced liver injury or unexpected biotransformation in the liver. Therefore, there is also a need for in vitro liver models for pharmaceutical research to predict the pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics of novel chemicals.
Bioartificial organs
Published in Ronald L. Fournier, Basic Transport Phenomena in Biomedical Engineering, 2017
The only long-term and relatively successful treatment method for liver failure is transplantation. However, liver transplantation is severely limited by the shortage of donor organs. Many patients therefore die before a liver becomes available, or they succumb shortly after the transplant because of the complications and brain damage associated with liver failure.
Surface grafting of sericin onto thermoplastic polyurethanes to improve cell adhesion and function
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Han Du, Zhongmin Chen, Xue Gong, Mingyu Jiang, Guobao Chen, Fuping Wang
In today’s world, many risks cause liver diseases, like viral infection, metabolic disorder, alcohol consumption, drugs, toxins, carcinoma, or injury, in most cases developing into liver failure at the end stage [1]. Bioartificial liver (BAL) equipment with fully functional hepatocytes may ‘bridge’ patients until they receive a liver transplant or recover [2]. Therefore, BAL is a more effective treatment for liver failure at present and in the future [3]. BAL needs more than 500 million stable hepatocytes to work together to temporarily replace the functions of the human liver: maintaining metabolic homeostasis, sustaining immune balance, controlling drug metabolism and producing bile [4]. The vitality and function of liver cells in BAL are closely related to the efficiency and effectiveness of artificial liver [5]. BAL hopes that each hepatocyte has high activity as close to in vivo [6].
Investigation of movement-related behaviors and energy compensation in people living with liver disease: A scoping review
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2022
Carminda Goersch Lamboglia, Ashley P. Mccurdy, Yeong-Bae Kim, Cliff Lindeman, Amie J. Mangan, Allison Sivak, Diana Mager, John C. Spence
The liver is one of the largest human organs and it is essential for digesting food and removing toxic substances from the body. Liver damage can be caused by genetic factors (e.g., Wilson’s disease), viral infection (e.g., Hepatitis), alcohol abuse or excessive liver fat (e.g., Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]). Repeated damage over time can lead to scarring (cirrhosis) and liver failure (Canadian Liver Foundation, 2013). The most common liver disease (i.e., NAFLD) has a global prevalence rate of 25% (Cotter & Rinella, 2020) and approximately two million people die annually due to a damaged liver condition (Asrani et al., 2019; Younossi & Henry, 2016). Despite posing a considerable challenge for public health (Younossi, 2019), liver disease tends to be disregarded in comparison to other chronic diseases (Marcellin & Kutala, 2018). Individuals with chronic liver disease face physical deconditioning, sarcopenia, physical frailty, and impaired muscle health resulting in functional deterioration during advanced stages and increased risk of mortality (Duarte‐Rojo et al., 2018; Lai et al., 2014; Montano-Loza, 2014; Tandon et al., 2016).
Surgical planning for living donor liver transplant using 4D flow MRI, computational fluid dynamics and in vitro experiments
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
David R. Rutkowski, Scott B. Reeder, Luis A. Fernandez, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate
Liver transplantation is a successful and definitive treatment for patients with liver failure. However, over the last two decades, there has been a short supply of organs from deceased donors. This shortage has motivated the implementation of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), a therapy that has produced results comparable to traditional cadaveric liver transplantation (Yagi et al. 2004; Kim 2015). In this procedure, a portion of the liver is resected from a living donor and transplanted into a patient with liver failure (Everson et al. 2013). In both the donor and the recipient, the liver tissue can regenerate up to around 80 and 90% of its original size, respectively, after the procedure (Olthoff et al. 2014). However, the central vasculature of the liver cannot regenerate, and therefore the same amount of blood volume must flow through a smaller vascular bed, inevitably leading to higher resistance to blood flow. Such changes in hepatic resistance have been shown to have a role in the liver regeneration process (Yagi et al. 2004). However, the increased resistance also has the potential to induce hyperperfusion and pre-sinusoidal portal hypertension, which can lead to early graft dysfunction and tissue damage due to elevated pressure and wall shear stress (Vasavada et al. 2014; Tong et al. 2015).