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Liver and biliary system, pancreas and spleen
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Cirrhosis of the liver can result in increased pressure in the portal vein (portal hypertension). This can result in ascites or bleeding from varices. A TIPSS procedure shunts blood from the portal vein directly into the hepatic veins, bypassing the liver, to reduce portal pressure. It is performed through a jugular vein approach. A catheter is wedged into a very distal branch of a hepatic vein and contrast injected to reflux through the liver to opacify the portal vein. This is often performed using carbon dioxide (CO2) as the contrast agent as it refluxes more readily than iodinated contrast and provides better visualisation of the portal vein. CO2 angiography requires a system to inject the gas safely without introducing air and specific software for acquiring and post-processing the images. The image acquired is then used to guide passage of a needle from the hepatic vein into the portal vein. Once successful puncture of the portal vein is achieved, a stent is placed across the liver track between the portal and hepatic veins.
Big Data in Medical Image Processing
Published in R. Suganya, S. Rajaram, A. Sheik Abdullah, Big Data in Medical Image Processing, 2018
R. Suganya, S. Rajaram, A. Sheik Abdullah
Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and malfunctions due to chronic injury. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, partially blocking the flow of blood through the liver. Scarring also impairs the liver’s ability to: control infectionsremove bacteria and toxins from the bloodprocess nutrients, hormones, and drugsmake proteins that regulate blood clottingproduce bile to help absorb fats including cholesterol and fat soluble vitamins
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Cirrhosis, or liver scarring, is the result of chronic toxic injury or inflammation of the liver parenchyma in which the damaged tissue is replaced with fibrous scar tissue. Repeated exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals or chronic inflammation of the liver can lead to cirrhosis. The scar tissues appear as tough fibrous bands and may reduce blood and bile flow and greatly impairs the metabolic capacity of the liver. Cirrhosis is a common occurrence in alcoholics and is irreversible. It often results in liver failure and death of the afflicted individual.
An Optimal Modified Faster Region CNN Model for Diagnosis of Liver Diseases from Ultrasound Images
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
V. Antony Asir Daniel, J. Jeha
FLD also leads to hepatocellular carcinoma besides non-cholestatic cirrhosis. The statistics showed that liver cancer has the second major class of cancer type [7]. Liver disease that takes a long time for curing several chronic diseases is controlled through regular treatments [8]. Liver diseases do not cause any symptoms in the earlier stage for patients providing individual treatment is essential [9]. Cirrhosis is an irreversible and progressive condition that contributes to scar tissue formation on the liver increasing the chances of growing either hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver cancer [10]. The HCC is detected as the usual class of liver cancer. Liver disease symptoms will vary but it includes leg and abdomen swelling, general itching, and enlarged spleen along the gallbladder [2].
Diagnostic accuracy of liver stiffness on two-dimensional shear wave elastography for detecting clinically significant portal hypertension: a meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Bingtian Dong, Yuping Chen, Yongjian Chen, Huaming Wang, Guorong Lyu
Portal hypertension (PH) is one of the primary consequences of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis [1], and it can lead to devastating clinical problems, especially formation of esophageal or gastric varices, variceal bleeding, and ascites, which may represent the most common cause of mortality in cirrhotic patients [2–4]. Traditionally, hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement is the gold standard to evaluate PH, with a HVPG ≥ 10 mmHg considered diagnostic for clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) [5,6]. However, HVPG is an invasive procedure with potential complications, and is not readily available and difficult to perform in routine medical institutions [7]. Recently, much effort has been devoted to develop an alternative, noninvasive tool for accurate detecting PH in order to avoid the invasiveness of HVPG in cirrhotic patients.
The roadmap towards cure of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2022
An estimated 100,000 New Zealander adults are living with HBV infection, most of whom were infected either at birth through vertical transmission from an infected mother or in early childhood through early horizontal transmission. Untreated, many will develop cirrhosis and eventually life-threatening liver-related complications of liver cancer and liver failure. HBV is now the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer in New Zealand and is responsible for more than 300 deaths per annum, every one of which would have been prevented by earlier diagnosis and treatment. Not only does effective treatment improve life expectancy by almost 20 years, it also significantly removes stigma and improves quality of life.